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Achieving mastery in real world software engineering tasks is fundamentally bottlenecked by the scarcity of large scale, high quality training data. Scaling such data has been limited by the complexity of environment setup, unit test…

Executable software engineering data is valuable for training SWE agents, but scaling it remains difficult for two reasons: only a small fraction of real repository changes yield verifiable, high-signal task instances, and naively building…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Jiarong Liang , Zhiheng Lyu , Zijie Liu , Xiangchao Chen , Ping Nie , Kai Zou , Wenhu Chen

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled software engineering agents to tackle complex code modification tasks. Most existing approaches rely on execution feedback from containerized environments, which require…

Progress in software-engineering agents is increasingly constrained by the scarcity of executable, scalable, and realistic data for training and evaluation. This scarcity stems from three fundamental challenges in existing pipelines:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yucheng Zeng , Shupeng Li , Daxiang Dong , Ruijie Xu , Zimo Chen , Liwei Zheng , Yuxuan Li , Zhe Zhou , Haotian Zhao , Lun Tian , Heng Xiao , Tianshu Zhu , Longkun Hao , Jianmin Wu

Creating large-scale verifiable training datasets for issue-resolving tasks is a critical yet notoriously difficult challenge. Existing methods on automating the Gym environment setup process for real-world issues suffer from low success…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Junhao Wang , Daoguang Zan , Shulin Xin , Siyao Liu , Yurong Wu , Kai Shen

Prior works on training software engineering agents have explored utilizing existing resources such as issues on GitHub repositories to construct software engineering tasks and corresponding test suites. These approaches face two key…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yiqi Zhu , Apurva Gandhi , Graham Neubig

We present SWE-Gym, the first environment for training real-world software engineering (SWE) agents. SWE-Gym contains 2,438 real-world Python task instances, each comprising a codebase with an executable runtime environment, unit tests, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Jiayi Pan , Xingyao Wang , Graham Neubig , Navdeep Jaitly , Heng Ji , Alane Suhr , Yizhe Zhang

Improving open-source models on real-world SWE tasks (solving GITHUB issues) faces two key challenges: 1) scalable curation of execution environments to train these models, and, 2) optimal scaling of test-time compute. We introduce…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Naman Jain , Jaskirat Singh , Manish Shetty , Liang Zheng , Koushik Sen , Ion Stoica

Constructing large-scale datasets for the GitHub issue resolution task is crucial for both training and evaluating the software engineering capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the existing GitHub issue resolution data…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Lianghong Guo , Yanlin Wang , Caihua Li , Wei Tao , Pengyu Yang , Jiachi Chen , Haoyu Song , Duyu Tang , Zibin Zheng

In this technical report, we present SWE-Master, an open-source and fully reproducible post-training framework for building effective software engineering agents. SWE-Master systematically explores the complete agent development pipeline,…

LLM-based agents have shown promising capabilities in a growing range of software engineering (SWE) tasks. However, advancing this field faces two critical challenges. First, high-quality training data is scarce, especially data that…

Current benchmarks for evaluating software engineering agents, such as SWE-Bench Verified, are predominantly derived from GitHub issues and fail to accurately reflect how developers interact with chat-based coding assistants in integrated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Spandan Garg , Benjamin Steenhoek , Yufan Huang

Benchmarks like SWE-bench have standardized the evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) on repository-level software engineering tasks. However, these efforts remain limited by manual curation, static datasets, and a focus on…

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly from conversational problem solving to addressing real-world tasks involving tool use, such as software engineering (SWE). Recent LLM-powered toolkits, such as OpenAI Codex and Cursor, have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Haoran Wang , Zhenyu Hou , Yao Wei , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

Software engineering (SWE) has recently emerged as a crucial testbed for next-generation LLM agents, demanding inherent capabilities in two critical dimensions: sustained iterative problem-solving (e.g., >50 interaction rounds) and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Liang Zeng , Yongcong Li , Yuzhen Xiao , Changshi Li , Chris Yuhao Liu , Rui Yan , Tianwen Wei , Jujie He , Xuchen Song , Yang Liu , Yahui Zhou

Training capable software engineering (SWE) agents demands large-scale, executable, and verifiable environments that provide dynamic feedback loops for iterative code editing, test execution, and solution refinement. However, existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Dayuan Fu , Shenyu Wu , Yunze Wu , Zerui Peng , Yaxing Huang , Jie Sun , Ji Zeng , Mohan Jiang , Lin Zhang , Yukun Li , Jiarui Hu , Liming Liu , Jinlong Hou , Pengfei Liu

Despite recent progress in Language Models (LMs) for software engineering, collecting training data remains a significant pain point. Existing datasets are small, with at most 1,000s of training instances from 11 or fewer GitHub…

Optimizing the performance of large-scale software repositories demands expertise in code reasoning and software engineering (SWE) to reduce runtime while preserving program correctness. However, most benchmarks emphasize what to fix rather…

Code Agent development is an extremely active research area, where a reliable performance metric is critical for tracking progress and guiding new developments. This demand is underscored by the meteoric rise in popularity of SWE-Bench.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Konstantinos Vergopoulos , Mark Niklas Müller , Martin Vechev

The issue-resolving task, where a model generates patches to fix real-world bugs, has emerged as a critical benchmark for evaluating the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). While SWE-bench and its variants have become standard in…

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