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Weather forecasting is critical for a range of human activities including transportation, agriculture, industry, as well as the safety of the general public. Machine learning models have the potential to transform the complex weather…

In this paper, we introduce TimeGPT, the first foundation model for time series, capable of generating accurate predictions for diverse datasets not seen during training. We evaluate our pre-trained model against established statistical,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Azul Garza , Cristian Challu , Max Mergenthaler-Canseco

Rapid expansion of model size has emerged as a key challenge in time series forecasting. From early Transformer with tens of megabytes to recent architectures like TimesNet with thousands of megabytes, performance gains have often come at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Zeyan Li , Libing Chen , Yin Tang

Time series forecasting always faces the challenge of concept drift, where data distributions evolve over time, leading to a decline in forecast model performance. Existing solutions are based on online learning, which continually organize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Lifan Zhao , Yanyan Shen

Accurate short-term prediction of clouds and precipitation is critical for severe weather warnings, aviation safety, and renewable energy operations. Forecasts at this timescale are provided by numerical weather models and extrapolation…

Autoregressive models are a class of generative model that probabilistically predict the next output of a sequence based on previous inputs. The autoregressive sequence is by definition one-dimensional (1D), which is natural for language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Yi Hong Teoh , Roger G. Melko

Accurate short-term streamflow and flood forecasting are critical for mitigating river flood impacts, especially given the increasing climate variability. Machine learning-based streamflow forecasting relies on large streamflow datasets…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Xiyu Pan , Neda Mohammadi , John E. Taylor

Autoregressive generative models are commonly used, especially for those tasks involving sequential data. They have, however, been plagued by a slew of inherent flaws due to the intrinsic characteristics of chain-style conditional modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Yezhen Wang , Tong Che , Bo Li , Kaitao Song , Hengzhi Pei , Yoshua Bengio , Dongsheng Li

To quantify uncertainty, conformal prediction methods are gaining continuously more interest and have already been successfully applied to various domains. However, they are difficult to apply to time series as the autocorrelative structure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Andreas Auer , Martin Gauch , Daniel Klotz , Sepp Hochreiter

Long-term time series forecasting (LTSF) is important for various domains but is confronted by challenges in handling the complex temporal-contextual relationships. As multivariate input models underperforming some recent univariate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-06 Jiecheng Lu , Xu Han , Shihao Yang

Time series forecasting has been an essential field in many different application areas, including economic analysis, meteorology, and so forth. The majority of time series forecasting models are trained using the mean squared error (MSE).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Sheo Yon Jhin , Seojin Kim , Noseong Park

Empirical risk minimization is a standard principle for choosing algorithms in learning theory. In this paper we study the properties of empirical risk minimization for time series. The analysis is carried out in a general framework that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-08-12 Christian Brownlees , Jordi Llorens-Terrazas

Much of model-based reinforcement learning involves learning a model of an agent's world, and training an agent to leverage this model to perform a task more efficiently. While these models are demonstrably useful for agents, every…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-01 C. Daniel Freeman , Luke Metz , David Ha

While anomaly detection in time series has been an active area of research for several years, most recent approaches employ an inadequate evaluation criterion leading to an inflated F1 score. We show that a rudimentary Random Guess method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Keval Doshi , Shatha Abudalou , Yasin Yilmaz

The long horizon forecasting (LHF) problem has come up in the time series literature for over the last 35 years or so. This review covers aspects of LHF in this period and how deep learning has incorporated variants of trend, seasonality,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Hans Krupakar , Kandappan V A

Probabilistic hierarchical time-series forecasting is an important variant of time-series forecasting, where the goal is to model and forecast multivariate time-series that have underlying hierarchical relations. Most methods focus on point…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Harshavardhan Kamarthi , Lingkai Kong , Alexander Rodríguez , Chao Zhang , B. Aditya Prakash

Probabilistic hierarchical time-series forecasting is an important variant of time-series forecasting, where the goal is to model and forecast multivariate time-series that have underlying hierarchical relations. Most methods focus on point…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Harshavardhan Kamarthi , Lingkai Kong , Alexander Rodríguez , Chao Zhang , B. Aditya Prakash

Data-driven machine learning (ML) models are reshaping weather forecasting and have shown the potential to accelerate and surpass traditional physics-based approaches, leading to a second revolution in the field after data assimilation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hang Fan , Yi Xiao , Yongquan Qu , Juan Nathaniel , Fenghua Ling , Ben Fei , Lei Bai , Pierre Gentine

The rise of accurate machine learning methods for weather forecasting is creating radical new possibilities for modeling the atmosphere. In the time of climate change, having access to high-resolution forecasts from models like these is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Joel Oskarsson , Tomas Landelius , Fredrik Lindsten

Recent progress in neural forecasting accelerated improvements in the performance of large-scale forecasting systems. Yet, long-horizon forecasting remains a very difficult task. Two common challenges afflicting the task are the volatility…