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This paper presents key principles and solutions to the challenges faced in designing a domain-specific conversational agent for the legal domain. It includes issues of scope, platform, architecture and preparation of input data. It…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Mudita Sharma , Tony Russell-Rose , Lina Barakat , Akitaka Matsuo

Since their inception, transformer-based language models have led to impressive performance gains across multiple natural language processing tasks. For Arabic, the current state-of-the-art results on most datasets are achieved by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Amey Hengle , Atharva Kshirsagar , Shaily Desai , Manisha Marathe

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances language models by retrieving and incorporating relevant external knowledge. However, traditional retrieve-and-generate processes may not be optimized for real-world scenarios, where queries…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Ingeol Baek , Hwan Chang , Byeongjeong Kim , Jimin Lee , Hwanhee Lee

Data annotation is an important but time-consuming and costly procedure. To sort a text into two classes, the very first thing we need is a good annotation guideline, establishing what is required to qualify for each class. In the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-16 Imane Guellil , Ahsan Adeel , Faical Azouaou , Amir Hussain

XR devices running chat-bots powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have the to become always-on agents that enable much better productivity scenarios. Current screen based chat-bots do not take advantage of the the full-suite of natural…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Riccardo Bovo , Steven Abreu , Karan Ahuja , Eric J Gonzalez , Li-Te Cheng , Mar Gonzalez-Franco

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) technology has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, revolutionizing human-computer interactions. While major languages have benefited from these developments, lesser-resourced languages like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Muhammad Sharif , Zeeshan Abbas , Jiangyan Yi , Chenglin Liu

Clinical diagnosis requires answers that are accurate, verifiable, and explicitly grounded in official guidelines. While large language models excel at natural language processing, their tendency to hallucinate undermines their utility in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Navapat Nananukul , Mayank Kejriwal

Machine translation (MT) is a rapidly expanding field that has experienced significant advancements in recent years with the development of models capable of translating multiple languages with remarkable accuracy. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Mamadou K. Keita , Elysabhete Amadou Ibrahim , Habibatou Abdoulaye Alfari , Christopher Homan

Large language models (LLMs) struggle in real-world clinical consultations. Single-turn consultation systems require patients to describe all symptoms at once, which often leads to unclear complaints and vague diagnoses. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yichun Feng , Jiawei Wang , Lu Zhou , Yikai Zheng , Zhen Lei , Yixue Li

In this report we describe the development of Command A, a powerful large language model purpose-built to excel at real-world enterprise use cases. Command A is an agent-optimised and multilingual-capable model, with support for 23…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Team Cohere , : , Aakanksha , Arash Ahmadian , Marwan Ahmed , Jay Alammar , Milad Alizadeh , Yazeed Alnumay , Sophia Althammer , Arkady Arkhangorodsky , Viraat Aryabumi , Dennis Aumiller , Raphaël Avalos , Zahara Aviv , Sammie Bae , Saurabh Baji , Alexandre Barbet , Max Bartolo , Björn Bebensee , Neeral Beladia , Walter Beller-Morales , Alexandre Bérard , Andrew Berneshawi , Anna Bialas , Phil Blunsom , Matt Bobkin , Adi Bongale , Sam Braun , Maxime Brunet , Samuel Cahyawijaya , David Cairuz , Jon Ander Campos , Cassie Cao , Kris Cao , Roman Castagné , Julián Cendrero , Leila Chan Currie , Yash Chandak , Diane Chang , Giannis Chatziveroglou , Hongyu Chen , Claire Cheng , Alexis Chevalier , Justin T. Chiu , Eugene Cho , Eugene Choi , Eujeong Choi , Tim Chung , Volkan Cirik , Ana Cismaru , Pierre Clavier , Henry Conklin , Lucas Crawhall-Stein , Devon Crouse , Andres Felipe Cruz-Salinas , Ben Cyrus , Daniel D'souza , Hugo Dalla-Torre , John Dang , William Darling , Omar Darwiche Domingues , Saurabh Dash , Antoine Debugne , Théo Dehaze , Shaan Desai , Joan Devassy , Rishit Dholakia , Kyle Duffy , Ali Edalati , Ace Eldeib , Abdullah Elkady , Sarah Elsharkawy , Irem Ergün , Beyza Ermis , Marzieh Fadaee , Boyu Fan , Lucas Fayoux , Yannis Flet-Berliac , Nick Frosst , Matthias Gallé , Wojciech Galuba , Utsav Garg , Matthieu Geist , Mohammad Gheshlaghi Azar , Ellen Gilsenan-McMahon , Seraphina Goldfarb-Tarrant , Tomas Goldsack , Aidan Gomez , Victor Machado Gonzaga , Nithya Govindarajan , Manoj Govindassamy , Nathan Grinsztajn , Nikolas Gritsch , Patrick Gu , Shangmin Guo , Kilian Haefeli , Rod Hajjar , Tim Hawes , Jingyi He , Sebastian Hofstätter , Sungjin Hong , Sara Hooker , Tom Hosking , Stephanie Howe , Eric Hu , Renjie Huang , Hemant Jain , Ritika Jain , Nick Jakobi , Madeline Jenkins , JJ Jordan , Dhruti Joshi , Jason Jung , Trushant Kalyanpur , Siddhartha Rao Kamalakara , Julia Kedrzycki , Gokce Keskin , Edward Kim , Joon Kim , Wei-Yin Ko , Tom Kocmi , Michael Kozakov , Wojciech Kryściński , Arnav Kumar Jain , Komal Kumar Teru , Sander Land , Michael Lasby , Olivia Lasche , Justin Lee , Patrick Lewis , Jeffrey Li , Jonathan Li , Hangyu Lin , Acyr Locatelli , Kevin Luong , Raymond Ma , Lukáš Mach , Marina Machado , Joanne Magbitang , Brenda Malacara Lopez , Aryan Mann , Kelly Marchisio , Olivia Markham , Alexandre Matton , Alex McKinney , Dominic McLoughlin , Jozef Mokry , Adrien Morisot , Autumn Moulder , Harry Moynehan , Maximilian Mozes , Vivek Muppalla , Lidiya Murakhovska , Hemangani Nagarajan , Alekhya Nandula , Hisham Nasir , Shauna Nehra , Josh Netto-Rosen , Daniel Ohashi , James Owers-Bardsley , Jason Ozuzu , Dennis Padilla , Gloria Park , Sam Passaglia , Jeremy Pekmez , Laura Penstone , Aleksandra Piktus , Case Ploeg , Andrew Poulton , Youran Qi , Shubha Raghvendra , Miguel Ramos , Ekagra Ranjan , Pierre Richemond , Cécile Robert-Michon , Aurélien Rodriguez , Sudip Roy , Sebastian Ruder , Laura Ruis , Louise Rust , Anubhav Sachan , Alejandro Salamanca , Kailash Karthik Saravanakumar , Isha Satyakam , Alice Schoenauer Sebag , Priyanka Sen , Sholeh Sepehri , Preethi Seshadri , Ye Shen , Tom Sherborne , Sylvie Shang Shi , Sanal Shivaprasad , Vladyslav Shmyhlo , Anirudh Shrinivason , Inna Shteinbuk , Amir Shukayev , Mathieu Simard , Ella Snyder , Ava Spataru , Victoria Spooner , Trisha Starostina , Florian Strub , Yixuan Su , Jimin Sun , Dwarak Talupuru , Eugene Tarassov , Elena Tommasone , Jennifer Tracey , Billy Trend , Evren Tumer , Ahmet Üstün , Bharat Venkitesh , David Venuto , Pat Verga , Maxime Voisin , Alex Wang , Donglu Wang , Shijian Wang , Edmond Wen , Naomi White , Jesse Willman , Marysia Winkels , Chen Xia , Jessica Xie , Minjie Xu , Bowen Yang , Tan Yi-Chern , Ivan Zhang , Zhenyu Zhao , Zhoujie Zhao

All citizens of a country are affected by the laws and policies introduced by their government. These laws and policies serve essential functions for citizens. Such as granting them certain rights or imposing specific obligations. However,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Gautam Nagarajan , Omir Kumar , Sudarsun Santhiappan

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems have been gaining popularity in the recent years for their widespread usage in smart phones and speakers. Building ASR systems for task-specific scenarios is subject to the availability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Saurav Jha

Arabic morphological analysis is one of the essential stages in Arabic Natural Language Processing. In this paper we present an approach for Arabic morphological analysis. This approach is based on Arabic morphological automaton (AMAUT).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2011-01-31 Mourad Gridach , Noureddine Chenfour

Voice-controlled interfaces can support older adults in clinical contexts -- with chatbots being a prime example -- but reliable Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) for underrepresented groups remains a bottleneck. This study evaluates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Bram van Dijk , Tiberon Kuiper , Sirin Aoulad si Ahmed , Armel Levebvre , Jake Johnson , Jan Duin , Simon Mooijaart , Marco Spruit

Question Answering (QA) has seen significant improvements with the advancement of machine learning models, further studies enhanced this question answering system by retrieving external information, called Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 William Christian , Daniel Adamlu , Adrian Yu , Derwin Suhartono

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in a wide range of tasks, yet their application to specialized domains remains challenging due to the need for deep expertise. Retrieval-Augmented generation (RAG) has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qinggang Zhang , Shengyuan Chen , Yuanchen Bei , Zheng Yuan , Huachi Zhou , Zijin Hong , Hao Chen , Yilin Xiao , Chuang Zhou , Junnan Dong , Yi Chang , Xiao Huang

Adapting autonomous agents for real-world industrial, domestic, and other daily tasks is currently gaining momentum. However, in global or cross-lingual application contexts, ensuring effective interaction with the environment and executing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Linus Nwankwo , Bjoern Ellensohn , Ozan Özdenizci , Elmar Rueckert

The field of Natural Language Processing which involves the use of artificial intelligence to support human languages has seen tremendous growth due to its high-quality features. Its applications such as language translation, chatbots,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Sujan Poudel , Nabin Ghimire , Bipesh Subedi , Saugat Singh

In customer contact centers, human agents often struggle with long average handling times (AHT) due to the need to manually interpret queries and retrieve relevant knowledge base (KB) articles. While retrieval augmented generation (RAG)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Garima Agrawal , Sashank Gummuluri , Cosimo Spera

Resolving complex code defects from natural language descriptions remains a fundamental software engineering challenge. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have driven the creation of agent-based automated repair systems. While improving…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mingwei Liu , Zihao Wang , Zhenxi Chen , Zheng Pei , Yanlin Wang , Zibin Zheng