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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in language-related tasks, but their deployment poses significant challenges due to substantial memory and storage requirements. Weight-only quantization has emerged as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Wenhua Cheng , Weiwei Zhang , Haihao Shen , Yiyang Cai , Xin He , Kaokao Lv , Yi Liu

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has become a crucial tool for reducing the memory and compute costs of modern deep neural networks, including large language models (LLMs). Among PTQ algorithms, the OPTQ framework-also known as GPTQ-has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Haoyu Zhang , Shihao Zhang , Ian Colbert , Rayan Saab

Post-training quantization (PTQ) aims to preserve model-level behavior; however, most methods focus on individual linear layers. Even recent extensions, such as QEP and LoaQ, which mitigate error propagation or target specific submodules,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-02 Yuma Ichikawa , Yudai Fujimoto , Akira Sakai

Large-scale visual generative models have achieved remarkable performance. However, their high computational and memory costs make deployment challenging in resource-constrained scenarios, such as interactive applications and personal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yongsen Cheng , Kai Liu , Kaiwen Tao , Junxian Li , Zhixin Wang , Zhikai Chen , Renjing Pei , Yulun Zhang

Quantization is an effective strategy to reduce the storage and computation footprint of large language models (LLMs). Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a leading approach for compressing LLMs. Popular weight quantization procedures,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Ryan Lucas , Mehdi Makni , Xiang Meng , Adam Deng , Rahul Mazumder

Post-training model quantization is a widely adopted technique for reducing the memory and computational costs of large language models (LLMs). However, most existing methods rely on uniform or heuristic bitwidth assignments, failing to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Chao Zhang , Li Wang , Samson Lasaulce , Merouane Debbah

Gradient compression has surfaced as a key technique to address the challenge of communication efficiency in distributed learning. In distributed deep learning, however, it is observed that gradient distributions are heavy-tailed, with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Guangfeng Yan , Tan Li , Yuanzhang Xiao , Hanxu Hou , Linqi Song

Improving the efficiency of inference in Large Language Models (LLMs) is a critical area of research. Post-training Quantization (PTQ) is a popular technique, but it often faces challenges at low-bit levels, particularly in downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Wenjin Ke , Zhe Li , Dong Li , Lu Tian , Emad Barsoum

Machine learning models often have uneven performance among subpopulations (a.k.a., groups) in the data distributions. This poses a significant challenge for the models to generalize when the proportions of the groups shift during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Rui Qiao , Zhaoxuan Wu , Jingtan Wang , Pang Wei Koh , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Post-training quantization (PTQ) of large language models (LLMs) holds the promise in reducing the prohibitive computational cost at inference time. Quantization of all weight, activation and key-value (KV) cache tensors to 4-bit without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Utkarsh Saxena , Sayeh Sharify , Kaushik Roy , Xin Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive performance across various tasks, but deploying them for inference poses challenges. Their high resource demands often necessitate complex, costly multi-GPU pipelines, or the use of smaller,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Runsheng Bai , Bo Liu , Qiang Liu

The significant resource requirements associated with Large-scale Language Models (LLMs) have generated considerable interest in the development of techniques aimed at compressing and accelerating neural networks. Among these techniques,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Yuexiao Ma , Huixia Li , Xiawu Zheng , Feng Ling , Xuefeng Xiao , Rui Wang , Shilei Wen , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced human language understanding and generation, with pretraining data quality and organization being crucial to their performance. Multi-stage pretraining is a promising approach, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xuemiao Zhang , Feiyu Duan , Liangyu Xu , Yongwei Zhou , Sirui Wang , Rongxiang Weng , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai

The rapid progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought substantial computational and memory demands, spurring the adoption of low-bit quantization. While 8-bit and 4-bit formats have become prevalent, extending quantization to 2…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jiayi Chen , Jieqi Shi , Jing Huo , Chen Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) with multimodal capabilities have revolutionized vision-language tasks, but their deployment often requires huge memory and computational resources. While post-training quantization (PTQ) has successfully…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shubhang Bhatnagar , Andy Xu , Kar-Han Tan , Narendra Ahuja

Gradient quantization is an emerging technique in reducing communication costs in distributed learning. Existing gradient quantization algorithms often rely on engineering heuristics or empirical observations, lacking a systematic approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Guangfeng Yan , Shao-Lun Huang , Tian Lan , Linqi Song

Quantization is essential for Neural Network (NN) compression, reducing model size and computational demands by using lower bit-width data types, though aggressive reduction often hampers accuracy. Mixed Precision (MP) mitigates this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Shmulik Markovich-Golan , Daniel Ohayon , Itay Niv , Yair Hanani

We present a hybrid numerical approach to simulate quantum many body problems on two spatial dimensional quantum lattice models via the non-Abelian ab initio version of the density matrix renormalization group method on state-of-the-art…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-06-05 Andor Menczer , Kornél Kapás , Miklós Antal Werner , Örs Legeza

The remarkable capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) are overshadowed by their immense computational cost. While recent work has shown that many LLM layers can be reordered or even removed with minimal impact on accuracy, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ramón Calvo González , Daniele Paliotta , Matteo Pagliardini , Martin Jaggi , François Fleuret

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across diverse natural language processing benchmarks. However, the escalating scale of model parameters imposes prohibitive memory overheads during training,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ziqing Wen , Ping Luo , Jiahuan Wang , Kun Yuan , Dongsheng Li , Tao Sun