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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) LLMs rely on sparse, router-driven expert activation, yet how safety alignment interacts with routed expert specialization remains underexplored. A common intuition is that safety behavior may be controlled by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zhibo Zhang , Yuxi Li , Zhen Ouyang , Ling Shi , Kailong Wang

Class-incremental learning (CIL) requires models to learn new classes sequentially while preserving prior knowledge. Recently, approaches that combine pre-trained models with mixture-of-experts (MoE) have received increasing attention in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zirui Guo , Quan Cheng , Da-Wei Zhou , Lijun Zhang

Multimodal Continual Instruction Tuning (MCIT) aims to finetune Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to continually align with human intent across sequential tasks. Existing approaches often rely on the Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) LoRA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Duzhen Zhang , Yong Ren , Zhong-Zhi Li , Yahan Yu , Jiahua Dong , Chenxing Li , Zhilong Ji , Jinfeng Bai

Real-world model deployment across multiple domains requires multimodal models to operate under two complementary regimes: (1) multi-task pretraining, tasks are co-available at design time where related tasks could borrow representational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xing Han , Shravan Chaudhari , Tanvi Ranade , Rama Chellappa , Suchi Saria

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale large language models efficiently by sparsely activating experts, but once an expert is selected, it is executed fully. Hence, the trade-off between accuracy and computation in an MoE model typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Nurbek Tastan , Stefanos Laskaridis , Karthik Nandakumar , Samuel Horvath

Continual instruction tuning (CIT) requires multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to adapt to a stream of tasks without forgetting prior capabilities. A common strategy is to isolate updates by routing inputs to different LoRA experts.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhiyan Hou , Haiyun Guo , Haokai Ma , Yandu Sun , Yonghui Yang , Jinqiao Wang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have emerged as a dominant paradigm for efficient LLM scaling, yet adapting them to non-English downstream tasks remains challenging. Existing fine-tuning approaches treat MoE models as monolithic learners,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Guanzhi Deng , Kuan Wu , Haibo Wang , Shing Yin Wong , Sichun Luo , Linqi Song

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) achieve strong performance through instruction tuning, yet real-world deployment often requires continual capability expansion across sequential tasks. In such scenarios, Multimodal Continual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tao Hu , Da-Wei Zhou

Adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to a continuous stream of tasks is a critical yet challenging endeavor. While Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have become a standard for this, they face a fundamental dilemma in continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Haeyong Kang

Class-incremental learning (CIL) requires deep learning models to continuously acquire new knowledge from streaming data while preserving previously learned information. Recently, CIL based on pre-trained models (PTMs) has achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Linjie Li , Zhenyu Wu , Yang Ji

Continual fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) suffers from catastrophic forgetting. Rehearsal-based methods mitigate this problem by retaining a small set of old data. Nevertheless, they still suffer inevitable performance loss.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Zhilin Wang , Yafu Li , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Cheng

MoE-PEFT methods combine Mixture of Experts with parameter-efficient fine-tuning for multi-task adaptation, but require separate adapters per expert causing trainable parameters to scale linearly with expert count and limiting applicability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Md Kowsher , Haris Mansoor , Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Ozlem Garibay , Victor Zhu , Zhengping Ji , Chen Chen

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) enables efficient scaling of large language models (LLMs) with sparsely activated experts during inference. To effectively deploy large MoE models on memory-constrained devices, many systems introduce *expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jingcong Liang , Siyuan Wang , Miren Tian , Yitong Li , Duyu Tang , Zhongyu Wei

Despite MoE models leading many benchmarks, supervised fine-tuning (SFT) for the MoE architectures remains difficult because its router layers are fragile. Methods such as DenseMixer and ESFT mitigate router collapse with dense mixing or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Haoze He , Xingyuan Ding , Xuan Jiang , Xinkai Zou , Alex Cheng , Yibo Zhao , Juncheng Billy Li , Heather Miller

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) technique can scale up the model size of Transformers with an affordable computational overhead. We point out that existing learning-to-route MoE methods suffer from the routing fluctuation issue, i.e., the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Damai Dai , Li Dong , Shuming Ma , Bo Zheng , Zhifang Sui , Baobao Chang , Furu Wei

Recent advancements have shown that the Mixture of Experts (MoE) approach significantly enhances the capacity of large language models (LLMs) and improves performance on downstream tasks. Building on these promising results, multi-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Linglin Jing , Yuting Gao , Zhigang Wang , Wang Lan , Yiwen Tang , Wenhai Wang , Kaipeng Zhang , Qingpei Guo

Continual Model Merging (CMM) sequentially integrates task-specific models into a unified architecture without intensive retraining. However, existing CMM methods are hindered by a fundamental saturation-redundancy dilemma: backbone-centric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Haiyun Qiu , Xingyu Wu , Kay Chen Tan

Recently, mixture of experts (MoE) has become a popular paradigm for achieving the trade-off between modal capacity and efficiency of multi-modal large language models (MLLMs). Different from previous efforts, we are dedicated to exploring…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Qiong Wu , Zhaoxi Ke , Yiyi Zhou , Xiaoshuai Sun , Rongrong Ji

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) have substantially improved the training of large-scale language models, leading to significant gains in generation quality and reasoning ability. However, most existing research focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Di Zhang , Xun Wu , Shaohan Huang , Lingjie Jiang , Yaru Hao , Li Dong , Zewen Chi , Zhifang Sui , Furu Wei

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is widely used to align large language models (LLMs) with information extraction (IE) tasks, such as named entity recognition (NER). However, annotating such fine-grained labels and training domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Zhuojun Ding , Wei Wei , Chenghao Fan
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