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Machine learning and deep learning have shown great promise in mobile sensing applications, including Human Activity Recognition. However, the performance of such models in real-world settings largely depends on the availability of large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Chi Ian Tang , Ignacio Perez-Pozuelo , Dimitris Spathis , Soren Brage , Nick Wareham , Cecilia Mascolo

While deep learning based end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have greatly simplified modeling pipelines, they suffer from the data sparsity issue. In this work, we propose a self-training method with an end-to-end system…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-31 Yang Chen , Weiran Wang , Chao Wang

Pseudo-labeling is a crucial technique in semi-supervised learning (SSL), where artificial labels are generated for unlabeled data by a trained model, allowing for the simultaneous training of labeled and unlabeled data in a supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Khanh-Binh Nguyen , Joon-Sung Yang

Automated essay scoring (AES) research often relies on rank-based correlation metrics to validate analytic assessment. However, such metrics obscure both intrinsic intercorrelations among analytic dimensions that arise from the structure of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Stefano Bannò , Kate Knill , Mark Gales

Automatic essay grading (AEG) has attracted the the attention of the NLP community because of its applications to several educational applications, such as scoring essays, short answers, etc. AEG systems can save significant time and money…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Maisha Maliha , Vishal Pramanik

Recently, Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has shown much promise in leveraging unlabeled data while being provided with very few labels. In this paper, we show that ignoring the labels altogether for whole epochs intermittently during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Boaz Lerner , Guy Shiran , Daphna Weinshall

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an objective tool for emotion recognition and shows promising performance. However, the label scarcity problem is a main challenge in this field, which limits the wide application of EEG-based emotion…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-02 Rushuang Zhou , Weishan Ye , Zhiguo Zhang , Yanyang Luo , Li Zhang , Linling Li , Gan Huang , Yining Dong , Yuan-Ting Zhang , Zhen Liang

Testing and evaluation is an important step before the large-scale application of the autonomous driving systems (ADSs). Based on the three level of scenario abstraction theory, a testing can be performed within a logical scenario, followed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Xinzheng Wu , Junyi Chen , Jianfeng Wu , Longgao Zhang , Tian Xia , Yong Shen

Recent advances in automated essay scoring (AES) have shifted towards evaluating multiple traits to provide enriched feedback. Like typical AES systems, multi-trait AES employs the quadratic weighted kappa (QWK) to measure agreement with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Heejin Do , Sangwon Ryu , Gary Geunbae Lee

Minimizing prediction uncertainty on unlabeled data is a key factor to achieve good performance in semi-supervised learning (SSL). The prediction uncertainty is typically expressed as the \emph{entropy} computed by the transformed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Jing Li , Yuangang Pan , Ivor W. Tsang

Self-training via pseudo labeling is a conventional, simple, and popular pipeline to leverage unlabeled data. In this work, we first construct a strong baseline of self-training (namely ST) for semi-supervised semantic segmentation via…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Lihe Yang , Wei Zhuo , Lei Qi , Yinghuan Shi , Yang Gao

Most research in the area of automatic essay grading (AEG) is geared towards scoring the essay holistically while there has also been some work done on scoring individual essay traits. In this paper, we describe a way to score essays…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Rahul Kumar , Sandeep Mathias , Sriparna Saha , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Boosting provides a practical and provably effective framework for constructing accurate learning algorithms from inaccurate rules of thumb. It extends the promise of sample-efficient learning to settings where direct Empirical Risk…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Udaya Ghai , Karan Singh

A common challenge posed to robust semantic segmentation is the expensive data annotation cost. Existing semi-supervised solutions show great potential for solving this problem. Their key idea is constructing consistency regularization with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Cong Cao , Tianwei Lin , Dongliang He , Fu Li , Huanjing Yue , Jingyu Yang , Errui Ding

This paper presents the design, development, and evaluation of a proposed revision platform assisting candidates for the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) writing exam. Traditional IELTS preparation methods lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Titas Ramancauskas , Kotryna Ramancauske

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has advanced classification tasks by inputting both labeled and unlabeled data to train a model jointly. However, existing SSL methods only consider the unlabeled data whose predictions are beyond a fixed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Zechen Liang , Yuan-Gen Wang , Wei Lu , Xiaochun Cao

Automated essay scoring (AES) is a vital area of research aiming to provide efficient and accurate assessment tools for evaluating written content. This study investigates the effectiveness of two popular similarity metrics, Jaccard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Andharini Dwi Cahyani , Moh. Wildan Fathoni , Fika Hastarita Rachman , Ari Basuki , Salman Amin , Bain Khusnul Khotimah

This paper introduces the first publicly available dataset for Automatic Essay Scoring (AES) and feedback generation in Basque, targeting the CEFR C1 proficiency level. The dataset comprises 3,200 essays from HABE, each annotated by expert…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Ekhi Azurmendi , Xabier Arregi , Oier Lopez de Lacalle

Studies on semi-supervised medical image segmentation (SSMIS) have seen fast progress recently. Due to the limited labelled data, SSMIS methods mainly focus on effectively leveraging unlabeled data to enhance the segmentation performance.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Zhen Zhao , Ye Liu , Meng Zhao , Di Yin , Yixuan Yuan , Luping Zhou

Automatic pseudo-labeling is a powerful tool to tap into large amounts of sequential unlabeled data. It is specially appealing in safety-critical applications of autonomous driving, where performance requirements are extreme, datasets are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Awet Haileslassie Gebrehiwot , Patrik Vacek , David Hurych , Karel Zimmermann , Patrick Perez , Tomáš Svoboda