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Spatial reasoning is central to navigation and robotics, yet measuring model capabilities on these tasks remains difficult. Existing benchmarks evaluate models in a one-shot setting, requiring full solution generation in a single response,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Lars Benedikt Kaesberg , Tianyu Yang , Niklas Bauer , Terry Ruas , Jan Philip Wahle , Bela Gipp

The rapid advancement of AI technology has led to widespread applications of agent systems across various domains. However, the need for detailed architecture design poses significant challenges in designing and operating these systems.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Jingwen Zhou , Qinghua Lu , Jieshan Chen , Liming Zhu , Xiwei Xu , Zhenchang Xing , Stefan Harrer

Foundation model-enabled generative artificial intelligence facilitates the development and implementation of agents, which can leverage distinguished reasoning and language processing capabilities to takes a proactive, autonomous role to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Yue Liu , Sin Kit Lo , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Dehai Zhao , Xiwei Xu , Stefan Harrer , Jon Whittle

Enterprise adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) is constrained by hallucination, domain drift, and the inability to enforce regulatory compliance at the reasoning level. We present a neurosymbolic architecture implemented within the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Thanh Luong Tuan , Abhijit Sanyal

Reasoning about spatial relationships between objects is essential for many real-world robotic tasks, such as fetch-and-delivery, object rearrangement, and object search. The ability to detect and disambiguate different objects and identify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Negar Nejatishahidin , Madhukar Reddy Vongala , Jana Kosecka

Sixth-generation (6G) networks are increasingly envisioned as AI-native infrastructures integrating communication, sensing, and computing into a unified fabric. However, existing approaches remain largely optimization-centric, relying on…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Abderrahmane Lakas , Merouane Debbah

Current Large Language Models have achieved Olympiad-level logic, yet Vision-Language Models paradoxically falter on elementary spatial tasks like block counting. This capability mismatch reveals a critical ``spatial intelligence gap,''…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Shaoxiong Zhan , Yanlin Lai , Zheng Liu , Hai Lin , Shen Li , Xiaodong Cai , Zijian Lin , Wen Huang , Hai-Tao Zheng

We propose Perceptual Taxonomy, a structured process of scene understanding that first recognizes objects and their spatial configurations, then infers task-relevant properties such as material, affordance, function, and physical attributes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Jonathan Lee , Xingrui Wang , Jiawei Peng , Luoxin Ye , Zehan Zheng , Tiezheng Zhang , Tao Wang , Wufei Ma , Siyi Chen , Yu-Cheng Chou , Prakhar Kaushik , Alan Yuille

Understanding spatial relations is a crucial cognitive ability for both humans and AI. While current research has predominantly focused on the benchmarking of text-to-image (T2I) models, we propose a more comprehensive evaluation that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Shang Hong Sim , Clarence Lee , Alvin Tan , Cheston Tan

We are increasingly surrounded by artificially intelligent technology that takes decisions and executes actions on our behalf. This creates a pressing need for general means to communicate with, instruct and guide artificial agents, with…

Language is an interface to the outside world. In order for embodied agents to use it, language must be grounded in other, sensorimotor modalities. While there is an extended literature studying how machines can learn grounded language, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Tristan Karch , Laetitia Teodorescu , Katja Hofmann , Clément Moulin-Frier , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated the ability to learn and leverage Internet-scale knowledge through pre-training with autoregressive models. Unfortunately, applying such models to settings with embodied…

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents that plan, use tools and act has begun to shape healthcare and medicine. Reported studies demonstrate competence on various tasks ranging from EHR analysis and differential diagnosis to treatment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Shubham Vatsal , Harsh Dubey , Aditi Singh

Recent progress in multimodal reasoning has enabled agents that interpret imagery, connect it with language, and execute structured analytical tasks. Extending these capabilities to remote sensing remains challenging, as models must reason…

Foundation models, including large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs), have recently enabled novel approaches to robot autonomy and human-robot interfaces. In parallel, vision-language-action models (VLAs) or large…

The rapid advancement of embodied intelligence and world models has intensified efforts to integrate physical laws into AI systems, yet physical perception and symbolic physics reasoning have developed along separate trajectories without a…

Agentic AI systems, which leverage multiple autonomous agents and large language models (LLMs), are increasingly used to address complex, multi-step tasks. The safety, security, and functionality of these systems are critical, especially in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Edoardo Allegrini , Ananth Shreekumar , Z. Berkay Celik

A wide variety of agentic AI applications - ranging from cognitive assistants for dementia patients to robotics - demand a robust memory system grounded in reality. In this paper, we propose such a memory system consisting of three…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Felix Ocker , Jörg Deigmöller , Pavel Smirnov , Julian Eggert

Advanced agentic intelligence is a prerequisite for deploying Large Language Models in practical, real-world applications. Diverse real-world APIs demand precise, robust function-calling intelligence, which needs agents to develop these…

World models have emerged as a critical frontier in AI research, aiming to enhance large models by infusing them with physical dynamics and world knowledge. The core objective is to enable agents to understand, predict, and interact with…