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Large pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP), have exhibited remarkable zero-shot performance across various image classification tasks. Fine-tuning these models on domain-specific…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Mengjun Yi , Hanwen Zhang , Hui Dou , Jian Zhao , Furao Shen

The federated learning (FL) framework trains a machine learning model using decentralized data stored at edge client devices by periodically aggregating locally trained models. Popular optimization algorithms of FL use vanilla (stochastic)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Jianyu Wang , Zheng Xu , Zachary Garrett , Zachary Charles , Luyang Liu , Gauri Joshi

Federated learning (FL) has emerged with increasing popularity to collaborate distributed medical institutions for training deep networks. However, despite existing FL algorithms only allow the supervised training setting, most hospitals in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Quande Liu , Hongzheng Yang , Qi Dou , Pheng-Ann Heng

Federated Learning (FL) enables distributed optimization without compromising data sovereignty. Yet, where local label distributions are mutually exclusive, standard weight aggregation fails due to conflicting optimization trajectories.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Andrea Moleri , Christian Internò , Ali Raza , Markus Olhofer , David Klindt , Fabio Stella , Barbara Hammer

Federated learning (FL) is a kind of distributed machine learning framework, where the global model is generated on the centralized aggregation server based on the parameters of local models, addressing concerns about privacy leakage caused…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Chenhao Xu , Youyang Qu , Yong Xiang , Longxiang Gao

Federated Learning (FL) has become an active and promising distributed machine learning paradigm. As a result of statistical heterogeneity, recent studies clearly show that the performance of popular FL methods (e.g., FedAvg) deteriorates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Hua Huang , Fanhua Shang , Yuanyuan Liu , Hongying Liu

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across large-scale distributed service nodes while preserving data privacy, making it a cornerstone of intelligent service systems in edge-cloud environments. However, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhiwei Ling , Hailiang Zhao , Chao Zhang , Xiang Ao , Ziqi Wang , Cheng Zhang , Zhen Qin , Xinkui Zhao , Kingsum Chow , Yuanqing Wu , MengChu Zhou

Federated learning (FL) facilitates the secure utilization of decentralized images, advancing applications in medical image recognition and autonomous driving. However, conventional FL faces two critical challenges in real-world deployment:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Shiwei Lu , Yuhang He , Jiashuo Li , Qiang Wang , Yihong Gong

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed framework for collaboratively training with privacy guarantees. In real-world scenarios, clients may have Non-IID data (local class imbalance) with poor annotation quality (label noise). The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Chenrui Wu , Zexi Li , Fangxin Wang , Chao Wu

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm that preserves users' data privacy while leveraging the entire dataset of all participants. In FL, multiple models are trained independently on the clients and aggregated centrally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Amin Eslami Abyane , Derui Zhu , Roberto Souza , Lei Ma , Hadi Hemmati

The Web is naturally heterogeneous with user devices, geographic regions, browsing patterns, and contexts all leading to highly diverse, unique datasets. Federated Learning (FL) is an important paradigm for the Web because it enables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Abdulrahman Alotaibi , Irene Tenison , Miriam Kim , Isaac Lee , Lalana Kagal

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for training machine learning models across distributed data sources while preserving data locality. However, the privacy of local data is always a pivotal concern and has received…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Abhisek Ray , Lukas Esterle

In Federated Learning (FL), a number of clients or devices collaborate to train a model without sharing their data. Models are optimized locally at each client and further communicated to a central hub for aggregation. While FL is an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Farshid Varno , Marzie Saghayi , Laya Rafiee Sevyeri , Sharut Gupta , Stan Matwin , Mohammad Havaei

Federated learning (FL) provides a promising paradigm for collaboratively training machine learning models across distributed data sources while maintaining privacy. Nevertheless, real-world FL often faces major challenges including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Samuel Ofosu Mensah , Kerol Djoumessi , Philipp Berens

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a new paradigm for training machine learning models distributively without sacrificing data security and privacy. Learning models on edge devices such as mobile phones is one of the most common use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Sixing Yu , Phuong Nguyen , Ali Anwar , Ali Jannesari

Federated learning (FL) facilitates a privacy-preserving neural network training paradigm through collaboration between edge clients and a central server. One significant challenge is that the distributed data is not independently and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Yu Qiao , Huy Q. Le , Mengchun Zhang , Apurba Adhikary , Chaoning Zhang , Choong Seon Hong

Federated Learning enables visual models to be trained on-device, bringing advantages for user privacy (data need never leave the device), but challenges in terms of data diversity and quality. Whilst typical models in the datacenter are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Tzu-Ming Harry Hsu , Hang Qi , Matthew Brown

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning (ML) paradigm, aiming to train a global model by exploiting the decentralized data across millions of edge devices. Compared with centralized learning, FL preserves the clients'…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Bocheng Chen , Nikolay Ivanov , Guangjing Wang , Qiben Yan

Nowadays, deep learning methods with large-scale datasets can produce clinically useful models for computer-aided diagnosis. However, the privacy and ethical concerns are increasingly critical, which make it difficult to collect large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Zhen Chen , Meilu Zhu , Chen Yang , Yixuan Yuan

The key premise of federated learning (FL) is to train ML models across a diverse set of data-owners (clients), without exchanging local data. An overarching challenge to this date is client heterogeneity, which may arise not only from…