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Federated Learning (FL) marks a transformative approach to distributed model training by combining locally optimized models from various clients into a unified global model. While FL preserves data privacy by eliminating centralized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Pranab Sahoo , Ashutosh Tripathi , Sriparna Saha , Samrat Mondal

Effective modeling of heterogeneous subpopulations presents a significant challenge due to variations in individual characteristics and behaviors. This paper proposes a novel approach to address this issue through multi-task learning (MTL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Elif Konyar , Mostafa Reisi Gahrooei , Kamran Paynabar

One of the key challenges in federated learning (FL) is local data distribution heterogeneity across clients, which may cause inconsistent feature spaces across clients. To address this issue, we propose a novel method FedFM, which guides…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Rui Ye , Zhenyang Ni , Chenxin Xu , Jianyu Wang , Siheng Chen , Yonina C. Eldar

Data heterogeneity poses a fundamental challenge in federated learning (FL), especially when clients differ not only in distribution but also in the reliability of their predictions across individual examples. While personalized FL (PFL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Amr Abourayya , Jens Kleesiek , Bharat Rao , Michael Kamp

Purpose: Surgery scene understanding with tool-tissue interaction recognition and automatic report generation can play an important role in intra-operative guidance, decision-making and postoperative analysis in robotic surgery. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Lalithkumar Seenivasan , Mobarakol Islam , Mengya Xu , Chwee Ming Lim , Hongliang Ren

Multi-task learning (MTL) aims to empower a model to tackle multiple tasks simultaneously. A recent development known as task arithmetic has revealed that several models, each fine-tuned for distinct tasks, can be directly merged into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Enneng Yang , Zhenyi Wang , Li Shen , Shiwei Liu , Guibing Guo , Xingwei Wang , Dacheng Tao

Federated learning benefits from cross-training strategies, which enables models to train on data from distinct sources to improve generalization capability. However, due to inherent differences in data distributions, the optimization goals…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Zhuang Qi , Lei Meng , Ruohan Zhang , Yu Wang , Xin Qi , Xiangxu Meng , Han Yu , Qiang Yang

Combining different data modalities enables deep neural networks to tackle complex tasks more effectively, making multimodal learning increasingly popular. To harness multimodal data closer to end users, it is essential to integrate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ye Lin Tun , Chu Myaet Thwal , Minh N. H. Nguyen , Choong Seon Hong

Many problems in machine learning rely on multi-task learning (MTL), in which the goal is to solve multiple related machine learning tasks simultaneously. MTL is particularly relevant for privacy-sensitive applications in areas such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Shengyuan Hu , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Virginia Smith

Federated Learning (FL) has shown considerable promise in Machine Learning (ML) across numerous devices for privacy protection, efficient data utilization, and dynamic collaboration. However, mobile devices typically have limited and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zhen Yu , Yachao Yuan , Jin Wang , Zhipeng Cheng , Jianhua Hu

We focus on the problem of Personalized Federated Continual Learning (PFCL): a group of distributed clients, each with a sequence of local tasks on arbitrary data distributions, collaborate through a central server to train a personalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Jin Xie , Chenqing Zhu , Songze Li

Federated Learning (FL) emerges as a new learning paradigm that enables multiple devices to collaboratively train a shared model while preserving data privacy. However, one fundamental and prevailing challenge that hinders the deployment of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Kahou Tam , Chunlin Tian , Li Li , Haikai Zhao , ChengZhong Xu

Over the past few years, Federated Learning (FL) has become an emerging machine learning technique to tackle data privacy challenges through collaborative training. In the Federated Learning algorithm, the clients submit a locally trained…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Tiantian Feng , Digbalay Bose , Tuo Zhang , Rajat Hebbar , Anil Ramakrishna , Rahul Gupta , Mi Zhang , Salman Avestimehr , Shrikanth Narayanan

Federated Learning (FL) is a variant of distributed learning where edge devices collaborate to learn a model without sharing their data with the central server or each other. We refer to the process of training multiple independent models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Neelkamal Bhuyan , Sharayu Moharir , Gauri Joshi

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving distributed machine learning paradigm that enables collaborative training among geographically distributed and heterogeneous devices without gathering their data. Extending FL beyond the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Jin Wang , Jia Hu , Jed Mills , Geyong Min , Ming Xia

Federated learning shows promise as a privacy-preserving collaborative learning technique. Existing heterogeneous federated learning mainly focuses on skewing the label distribution across clients. However, most approaches suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Shunxin Guo , Hongsong Wang , Xin Geng

Federated learning (FL), training deep models from decentralized data without privacy leakage, has shown great potential in medical image computing recently. However, considering the ubiquitous class imbalance in medical data, FL can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Nannan Wu , Li Yu , Xin Yang , Kwang-Ting Cheng , Zengqiang Yan

Due to the scarcity of industrial data, individual equipment users, particularly start-ups, struggle to independently train a comprehensive fault diagnosis model; federated learning enables collaborative training while ensuring data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Zexiao Wang , Yankai Wang , Xiaoqiang Liao , Xinguo Ming , Weiming Shen

One underlying assumption of recent federated learning (FL) paradigms is that all local models usually share the same network architecture and size, which becomes impractical for devices with different hardware resources. A scalable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Dezhong Yao , Wanning Pan , Michael J O'Neill , Yutong Dai , Yao Wan , Hai Jin , Lichao Sun

Continual learning (CL) for Foundation Models (FMs) is an essential yet underexplored challenge, especially in Federated Continual Learning (FCL), where each client learns from a private, evolving task stream under strict data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Hao Yu , Xin Yang , Boyang Fan , Xuemei Cao , Hanlin Gu , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang