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Truly multilingual safety moderation efforts for Large Language Models (LLMs) have been hindered by a narrow focus on a small set of languages (e.g., English, Chinese) as well as a limited scope of safety definition, resulting in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Priyanshu Kumar , Devansh Jain , Akhila Yerukola , Liwei Jiang , Himanshu Beniwal , Thomas Hartvigsen , Maarten Sap

Large language models (LLMs) excel in text understanding and generation but raise significant safety and ethical concerns in high-stakes applications. To mitigate these risks, we present Libra-Guard, a cutting-edge safeguard system designed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Ziyang Chen , Huimu Yu , Xing Wu , Dongqin Liu , Songlin Hu

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed natural language processing; however, their safety mechanisms remain under-explored in low-resource, multilingual settings. Here, we aim to bridge this gap. In particular, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yujia Hu , Ming Shan Hee , Preslav Nakov , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Contextual bandit problems are a natural fit for many information retrieval tasks, such as learning to rank, text classification, recommendation, etc. However, existing learning methods for contextual bandit problems have one of two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Rolf Jagerman , Ilya Markov , Maarten de Rijke

A key concern with the concept of "alignment" is the implicit question of "alignment to what?". AI systems are increasingly used across the world, yet safety alignment is often focused on homogeneous monolingual settings. Additionally,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Aakanksha , Arash Ahmadian , Beyza Ermis , Seraphina Goldfarb-Tarrant , Julia Kreutzer , Marzieh Fadaee , Sara Hooker

This study introduces two novel benchmarks, SeaExam and SeaBench, designed to evaluate the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Southeast Asian (SEA) application scenarios. Unlike existing multilingual datasets primarily derived…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Chaoqun Liu , Wenxuan Zhang , Jiahao Ying , Mahani Aljunied , Anh Tuan Luu , Lidong Bing

AI technologies are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains such as education, healthcare, law, and agriculture to address complex challenges in non-Western contexts. This paper examines eight real-world deployments spanning seven…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Deepak Varuvel Dennison , Mohit Jain , Tanuja Ganu , Aditya Vashistha

The design of widespread vision-and-language datasets and pre-trained encoders directly adopts, or draws inspiration from, the concepts and images of ImageNet. While one can hardly overestimate how much this benchmark contributed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Fangyu Liu , Emanuele Bugliarello , Edoardo Maria Ponti , Siva Reddy , Nigel Collier , Desmond Elliott

This paper explores how AI-owners can develop safeguards for AI-generated content by drawing from established codes of conduct and ethical standards in other content-creation industries. It delves into the current state of ethical awareness…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Jose Berengueres , Marybeth Sandell

Generative AI models ought to be useful and safe across cross-cultural contexts. One critical step toward this goal is understanding how AI models adhere to sociocultural norms. While this challenge has gained attention in NLP, existing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Myra Cheng , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran , Alice Oh , Hayk Stepanyan , Aishwarya Verma , Charu Kalia , Erin MacMurray van Liemt , Sunipa Dev

Large language model-based agents are rapidly evolving from simple conversational assistants into autonomous systems capable of performing complex, professional-level tasks in various domains. While these advancements promise significant…

Southeast Asia is a geopolitically and socio-economically significant region with unique challenges and opportunities. Intensifying progress in generative AI against a backdrop of existing health security threats makes applications of AI to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Thomas F Burns

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in cross-linguistic contexts, ensuring safety in diverse regulatory and cultural environments has become a critical challenge. However, existing multilingual benchmarks largely rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yunhan Zhao , Zhaorun Chen , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang , Bo Li

A core challenge in the development of increasingly capable AI systems is to make them safe and reliable by ensuring their behaviour is consistent with human values. This challenge, known as the alignment problem, does not merely apply to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Raphaël Millière

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) stands at the forefront of AI innovation, demonstrating rapid advancement and unparalleled proficiency in generating diverse content. Beyond content creation, GAI has significant analytical abilities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Changyuan Zhao , Hongyang Du , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Dong In Kim , Xuemin , Shen , Khaled B. Letaief

Although AI systems have been applied in various fields and achieved impressive performance, their safety and reliability are still a big concern. This is especially important for safety-critical tasks. One shared characteristic of these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Shuang Ao

This study presents the first comprehensive safety evaluation of the DeepSeek models, focusing on evaluating the safety risks associated with their generated content. Our evaluation encompasses DeepSeek's latest generation of large language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Zonghao Ying , Guangyi Zheng , Yongxin Huang , Deyue Zhang , Wenxin Zhang , Quanchen Zou , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

The vision of an inclusive World Wide Web is impeded by a severe linguistic divide, particularly for communities in low-resource regions of Southeast Asia. While large language models (LLMs) offer a potential solution for translation, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zhixiang Lu , Chong Zhang , Yulong Li , Angelos Stefanidis , Anh Nguyen , Imran Razzak , Jionglong Su , Zhengyong Jiang

Existing red-teaming benchmarks, when adapted to new languages via direct translation, fail to capture socio-technical vulnerabilities rooted in local culture and law, creating a critical blind spot in LLM safety evaluation. To address this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Chaeyun Kim , YongTaek Lim , Kihyun Kim , Junghwan Kim , Minwoo Kim

Despite the remarkable achievements of large language models (LLMs) in various tasks, there remains a linguistic bias that favors high-resource languages, such as English, often at the expense of low-resource and regional languages. To…