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Generative policies based on diffusion models and flow matching have shown strong promise for offline reinforcement learning (RL), but their applicability remains largely confined to continuous action spaces. To address a broader range of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Fairoz Nower Khan , Nabuat Zaman Nahim , Ruiquan Huang , Haibo Yang , Peizhong Ju

While behavior cloning with flow/diffusion policies excels at learning complex skills from demonstrations, it remains vulnerable to distributional shift, and standard RL methods struggle to fine-tune these models due to their iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Mingyang Sun , Pengxiang Ding , Weinan Zhang , Donglin Wang

Flow-matching policies have emerged as a powerful paradigm for generalist robotics. These models are trained to imitate an action chunk, conditioned on sensor observations and textual instructions. Often, training demonstrations are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Samuel Pfrommer , Yixiao Huang , Somayeh Sojoudi

The ability to learn multi-modal action distributions is indispensable for robotic manipulation policies to perform precise and robust control. Flow-based generative models have recently emerged as a promising solution to learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Guowei Zou , Haitao Wang , Hejun Wu , Yukun Qian , Yuhang Wang , Weibing Li

Generative models such as diffusion and flow-matching offer expressive policies for offline reinforcement learning (RL) by capturing rich, multimodal action distributions, but their iterative sampling introduces high inference costs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Prajwal Koirala , Cody Fleming

We introduce a one-step generative policy for offline reinforcement learning that maps noise directly to actions via a residual reformulation of MeanFlow, making it compatible with Q-learning. While one-step Gaussian policies enable fast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Zeyuan Wang , Da Li , Yulin Chen , Ye Shi , Liang Bai , Tianyuan Yu , Yanwei Fu

We present \textbf{FlowRL}, a novel framework for online reinforcement learning that integrates flow-based policy representation with Wasserstein-2-regularized optimization. We argue that in addition to training signals, enhancing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Lei Lv , Yunfei Li , Yu Luo , Fuchun Sun , Tao Kong , Jiafeng Xu , Xiao Ma

Diffusion Q-Learning (DQL) has established diffusion policies as a high-performing paradigm for offline reinforcement learning, but its reliance on multi-step denoising for action generation renders both training and inference slow and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Thanh Nguyen , Chang D. Yoo

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) have significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), a lightweight variant of Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Chen Wang , Lai Wei , Yanzhi Zhang , Chenyang Shao , Zedong Dan , Weiran Huang , Yuzhi Zhang , Yue Wang

In robot manipulation, robot learning has become a prevailing approach. However, generative models within this field face a fundamental trade-off between the slow, iterative sampling of diffusion models and the architectural constraints of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Juyi Sheng , Ziyi Wang , Peiming Li , Mengyuan Liu

Imitation learning is a promising approach for enabling generalist capabilities in humanoid robots, but its scaling is fundamentally constrained by the scarcity of high-quality expert demonstrations. This limitation can be mitigated by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Quentin Rouxel , Clemente Donoso , Fei Chen , Serena Ivaldi , Jean-Baptiste Mouret

We provide new perspectives and inference algorithms for Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL), which provides a principled method to find a most non-committal reward function consistent with given expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Aaron J. Snoswell , Surya P. N. Singh , Nan Ye

Entropy minimization (EM) trains the model to concentrate even more probability mass on its most confident outputs. We show that this simple objective alone, without any labeled data, can substantially improve large language models' (LLMs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Shivam Agarwal , Zimin Zhang , Lifan Yuan , Jiawei Han , Hao Peng

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become an effective paradigm for improving the reasoning ability of large language models. However, widely used RLVR algorithms, such as GRPO, often suffer from entropy collapse,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Huimin Xu , Shuai Zhao , Xiaobao Wu , Anh Tuan Luu

Parallel data collection has redefined Reinforcement Learning (RL), unlocking unprecedented efficiency and powering breakthroughs in large-scale real-world applications. In this paradigm, $N$ identical agents operate in $N$ replicas of an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Vincenzo De Paola , Riccardo Zamboni , Mirco Mutti , Marcello Restelli

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) provides a compelling paradigm for training autonomous systems without the risks of online exploration, particularly in safety-critical domains. However, jointly achieving strong safety and performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Manan Tayal , Mumuksh Tayal

Sequential recommendation requires capturing diverse user behaviors, which a single network often fails to capture. While ensemble methods mitigate this by leveraging multiple networks, training them all from scratch leads to high…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-07 WooJoo Kim , JunYoung Kim , JaeHyung Lim , SeongJin Choi , SeongKu Kang , HwanJo Yu

Two hitherto disconnected threads of research, diverse exploration (DE) and maximum entropy RL have addressed a wide range of problems facing reinforcement learning algorithms via ostensibly distinct mechanisms. In this work, we identify a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Andrew Cohen , Lei Yu , Xingye Qiao , Xiangrong Tong

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in performing complex multi-step reasoning, yet they continue to struggle with mathematical reasoning, often making systematic errors. A promising solution is reinforcement learning (RL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Hanning Zhang , Pengcheng Wang , Shizhe Diao , Yong Lin , Rui Pan , Hanze Dong , Dylan Zhang , Pavlo Molchanov , Tong Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been extensively employed in a wide range of decision-making problems, such as games and robotics. Recently, diffusion policies have shown strong potential in modeling multi-modal behaviors, enabling more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Ben Liu , Shunpeng Yang , Hua Chen