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Agentic search such as Deep Research systems-where agents autonomously browse the web, synthesize information, and return comprehensive citation-backed answers-represents a major shift in how users interact with web-scale information. While…

We study large-scale literature search from two complementary angles: improving the retrieval pipeline, and stress-testing the human reference list as an evaluation target. First, we implement a Deep Research pipeline that processes the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Gaurav Sahu , Laurent Charlin , Christopher Pal

Information seeking demands iterative evidence gathering and reflective reasoning, yet large language models (LLMs) still struggle with it in open-web question answering. Existing prompting and supervised fine-tuning (SFT) methods remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Wenxuan Shi , Haochen Tan , Chuqiao Kuang , Xiaoguang Li , Xiaozhe Ren , Chen Zhang , Hanting Chen , Yasheng Wang , Lu Hou , Lifeng Shang

Personalized digital health support requires long-horizon, cross-dimensional reasoning over heterogeneous lifestyle signals, and recent advances in mobile sensing and large language models (LLMs) make such support increasingly feasible.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ye Tian , Zihao Wang , Onat Gungor , Xiaoran Fan , Tajana Rosing

Despite the utility of Large Language Models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks and scenarios, developing a method for reliably evaluating LLMs across varied contexts continues to be challenging. Modern evaluation approaches often use LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Steffi Chern , Ethan Chern , Graham Neubig , Pengfei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) encounter challenges with the unique syntax of specific domains, such as biomolecules. Existing fine-tuning or modality alignment techniques struggle to bridge the domain knowledge gap and understand complex…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-28 Jinzhe Liu , Xiangsheng Huang , Zhuo Chen , Yin Fang

With Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) becoming more and more prominent in generative AI solutions, there is an emerging need for systematically evaluating their effectiveness. We introduce the LiveRAG benchmark, a publicly available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 David Carmel , Simone Filice , Guy Horowitz , Yoelle Maarek , Alex Shtoff , Oren Somekh , Ran Tavory

Visual Question Answering (VQA) benchmarks have largely emphasized perception-based tasks that can be solved from visual content alone. In contrast, many real-world scenarios require external knowledge that is not directly observable in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Basel Shbita , Pengyuan Li , Anna Lisa Gentile

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently demonstrated the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the knowledge-intensive tasks such as Question-Answering (QA). RAG expands the query context by incorporating external…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zijian Hei , Weiling Liu , Wenjie Ou , Juyi Qiao , Junming Jiao , Guowen Song , Ting Tian , Yi Lin

Web agents, which couple language models with browsing and tool-use capabilities, show promise as open web assistants. Yet progress is increasingly limited by the lack of scalable, process-level supervision. Existing benchmarks are largely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Tenghao Huang , Kung-Hsiang Huang , Prafulla Kumar Choubey , Yilun Zhou , Muhao Chen , Jonathan May , Chien-Sheng Wu

Current evaluation methods for large language models (LLMs) primarily rely on static benchmarks, presenting two major challenges: limited knowledge coverage and fixed difficulties that mismatch with the evaluated LLMs. These limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zhichao Shi , Xuhui Jiang , Chengjin Xu , Cangli Yao , Shengjia Ma , Yinghan Shen , Zixuan Li , Jian Guo , Yuanzhuo Wang

Improving the reliability of large language models (LLMs) is critical for deploying them in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we propose \textbf{Deliberative Searcher}, the first framework to integrate certainty calibration with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Zhenyun Yin , Shujie Wang , Xuhong Wang , Xingjun Ma , Yinchun Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have substantially advanced machine translation (MT), yet their effectiveness in translating web novels remains unclear. Existing benchmarks rely on surface-level metrics that fail to capture the distinctive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Enze Zhang , Jiaying Wang , Mengxi Xiao , Jifei Liu , Ziyan Kuang , Rui Dong , Eric Dong , Sophia Ananiadou , Min Peng , Qianqian Xie

As multimodal large language models (MLLMs) grow increasingly capable, fixed benchmarks are gradually losing their effectiveness in evaluating high-level scientific understanding. In this paper, we introduce the Multimodal Academic Cover…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Mohan Jiang , Jin Gao , Jiahao Zhan , Dequan Wang

Understanding and reasoning on the large-scale scientific literature is a crucial touchstone for large language model (LLM) based agents. However, existing works are mainly restricted to tool-free tasks within single papers, largely due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Daoyu Wang , Mingyue Cheng , Shuo Yu , Zirui Liu , Ze Guo , Xin Li , Qi Liu

LLM agents are expected to complete end-to-end units of work across software tools, business services, and local workspaces. Yet many agent benchmarks freeze a curated task set at release time and grade mainly the final response, making it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Chenxin Li , Zhengyang Tang , Mingxin Huang , Yunlong Lin , Shijue Huang , Shengyuan Liu , Bowen Ye , Rang Li , Lei Li , Benyou Wang , Yixuan Yuan

As agent-based systems continue to evolve, deep research agents are capable of automatically generating research-style reports across diverse domains. While these agents promise to streamline information synthesis and knowledge exploration,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yi Yuan , Xuhong Wang , Shanzhe Lei

As scientific literature grows rapidly, automated survey generation has become a key capability for AI scientists and human researchers. However, existing systems suffer from limited analytical depth due to reliance on abstracts and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ziyue Yang , Da Ma , Hanqi Li , Zijian Wang , Tiancheng Huang , Zijian Hu , Chenrun Wang , Yunzhe Zhang , Xiaobao Wu , Kai Yu , Lu Chen

Are LLM-based search agents genuinely searching, or using the web to verify what they already know? We study this question on BrowseComp with three diagnostics. Our analysis reveals Intrinsic Knowledge Dependence (IKD): even with tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 HuiMing Fan , Xiao Wang , Zheng Chu , Qianyu Wang , Zhuoyao Wang , Ming Liu , Bing Qin , XingYu

The unprecedented performance of large language models (LLMs) necessitates improvements in evaluations. Rather than merely exploring the breadth of LLM abilities, we believe meticulous and thoughtful designs are essential to thorough,…