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Since about 2003, captchas have been widely used as a barrier against bots, while simultaneously annoying great multitudes of users worldwide. As their use grew, techniques to defeat or bypass captchas kept improving, while captchas…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Andrew Searles , Renascence Tarafder Prapty , Gene Tsudik

Mobile health applications (mHealth apps for short) are being increasingly adopted in the healthcare sector, enabling stakeholders such as governments, health units, medics, and patients, to utilize health services in a pervasive manner.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Bakheet Aljedaani , Aakash Ahmad , Mansooreh Zahedi , M. Ali Babar

Like many desktop operating systems in the 1990s, Android is now in the process of including support for multi-user scenarios. Because these scenarios introduce new threats to the system, we should have an understanding of how well the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-10-29 Paul Ratazzi , Yousra Aafer , Amit Ahlawat , Hao Hao , Yifei Wang , Wenliang Du

Models of software systems are used throughout the software development lifecycle. Dataflow diagrams (DFDs), in particular, are well-established resources for security analysis. Many techniques, such as threat modelling, are based on DFDs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Simon Schneider , Nicolás E. Díaz Ferreyra , Pierre-Jean Quéval , Georg Simhandl , Uwe Zdun , Riccardo Scandariato

Federated Unlearning (FU) is gaining prominence for its capability to eliminate influences of Federated Learning (FL) users' data from trained global FL models. A straightforward FU method involves removing the unlearned users and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Ziyao Liu , Yu Jiang , Weifeng Jiang , Jiale Guo , Jun Zhao , Kwok-Yan Lam

While current Computer Use Agent (CUA) benchmarks measure task completion effectively, they provide limited assessment of enterprise deployment readiness, emphasizing functional correctness over the operational reliability required for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Horia Cristescu , Charles Park , Trong Canh Nguyen , Sergiu Talmacel , Alexandru-Gabriel Ilie , Stefan Adam

Password authentication is a weak point for security as passwords are easily stolen and a user may ignore the security by using a simple password. Therefore, services increasingly demand a second factor. While this may enhance security, it…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Anastasia Dimaratos , Daniela Pöhn

Choosing authentication schemes for a specific purpose is challenging for service providers, developers, and researchers. Previous ratings of technical and objective aspects showed that available schemes all have strengths and limitations.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Verena Zimmermann , Paul Gerber , Alina Stöver

As users shift from interacting actively with devices with screens to interacting seamlessly with smart environments, novel models of user authentication will be needed to maintain the security and privacy of user data. To understand users'…

Federated learning (FL) has been widely adopted as a decentralized training paradigm that enables multiple clients to collaboratively learn a shared model without exposing their local data. As concerns over data privacy and regulatory…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Bingguang Lu , Hongsheng Hu , Yuantian Miao , Shaleeza Sohail , Chaoxiang He , Shuo Wang , Xiao Chen

Password updates are a critical account security measure and an essential part of the password lifecycle. Service providers and common security recommendations advise users to update their passwords in response to incidents or as a critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Alexander Krause , Jacques Suray , Lea Schmüser , Marten Oltrogge , Oliver Wiese , Maximilian Golla , Sascha Fahl

With the rise of attacks on online accounts in the past years, more and more services offer two-factor authentication for their users. Having factors out of two of the three categories something you know, something you have and something…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Timon Hackenjos , Benedikt Wagner , Julian Herr , Jochen Rill , Marek Wehmer , Niklas Goerke , Ingmar Baumgart

One-time login process in conventional authentication systems does not guarantee that the identified user is the actual user throughout the session. However, it is necessary to re-verify the user identity periodically throughout a login…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-07 Abbas Acar , Hidayet Aksu , A. Selcuk Uluagac , Kemal Akkaya

Machine learning systems are being used to automate many types of laborious labeling tasks. Facial actioncoding is an example of such a labeling task that requires copious amounts of time and a beyond average level of human domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Alberto Fung , Daniel McDuff

Since its introduction in 2006, differential privacy has emerged as a predominant statistical tool for quantifying data privacy in academic works. Yet despite the plethora of research and open-source utilities that have accompanied its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Gonzalo Munilla Garrido , Xiaoyuan Liu , Florian Matthes , Dawn Song

In this paper, we propose four continuous authentication designs by using the characteristics of arm movements while individuals walk. The first design uses acceleration of arms captured by a smartwatch's accelerometer sensor, the second…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-03-08 Rajesh Kumar , Vir V Phoha , Rahul Raina

In the past two decades, the number of mobile products being created by companies has grown exponentially. However, although these devices are constantly being upgraded with the newest features, the security measures used to protect these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Laura Pryor , Rushit Dave , Naeem Seliya , Evelyn R Sowells Boone

The Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to enhance older adults' independence and quality of life, but it also exposes them to security, privacy, accessibility, and usability (SPAU) risks. We conducted a systematic review of 44…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Suleiman Saka , Sanchari Das

This work introduces an innovative method for estimating attention levels (cognitive load) using an ensemble of facial analysis techniques applied to webcam videos. Our method is particularly useful, among others, in e-learning…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Roberto Daza , Luis F. Gomez , Julian Fierrez , Aythami Morales , Ruben Tolosana , Javier Ortega-Garcia

Noise-based certified machine unlearning currently faces a hard ceiling: the noise magnitude required to certify unlearning typically destroys model utility, particularly for large-scale deletion requests. While leveraging public data is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Ahmed Mehdi Inane , Vincent Quirion , Gintare Karolina Dzugaite , Ioannis Mitliagkas