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Mixture of Experts (MoE) LLMs face significant obstacles due to their massive parameter scale, which imposes memory, storage, and deployment challenges. Although recent expert merging methods promise greater efficiency by consolidating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Lujun Li , Zhu Qiyuan , Jiacheng Wang , Wei Li , Hao Gu , Sirui Han , Yike Guo

Mixtures of experts (MoE) models provide a flexible framework for modelling heterogeneity in data for regression and model-based clustering and classification. MoE models for regression are typically based on the Gaussian assumption for the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-05 Sphiwe B. Skhosana , Hien Duy Nguyen

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures achieve parameter efficiency through conditional computation, yet contemporary designs suffer from two fundamental limitations: structural parameter isolation that causes catastrophic forgetting, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuxing Gan , Ziyu Lei

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models are often interpreted by analysing which categories are routed to which experts. However, routing alone does not reveal what each expert actually encodes. We train sparsely-gated convolutional MoE models with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Gene Tangtartharakul , Katherine R. Storrs

Sparse mixture of experts (SMoE) offers an appealing solution to scale up the model complexity beyond the mean of increasing the network's depth or width. However, we argue that effective SMoE training remains challenging because of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Nam V. Nguyen , Huy Nguyen , Quang Pham , Van Nguyen , Savitha Ramasamy , Nhat Ho

Time Series Analysis is widely used in various real-world applications such as weather forecasting, financial fraud detection, imputation for missing data in IoT systems, and classification for action recognization. Mixture-of-Experts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xingjian Wu , Zhengyu Li , Hanyin Cheng , Xiangfei Qiu , Jilin Hu , Chenjuan Guo , Bin Yang

The sparse Mixture of Experts(MoE) architecture has evolved as a powerful approach for scaling deep learning models to more parameters with comparable computation cost. As an important branch of large language model(LLM), MoE model only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Dong Pan , Bingtao Li , Yongsheng Zheng , Jiren Ma , Victor Fei

Large multi-modal models (LMMs) exhibit remarkable performance across numerous tasks. However, generalist LMMs often suffer from performance degradation when tuned over a large collection of tasks. Recent research suggests that Mixture of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Jialin Wu , Xia Hu , Yaqing Wang , Bo Pang , Radu Soricut

Many data have an underlying dependence on spatial location; it may be weather on the Earth, a simulation on a mesh, or a registered image. Yet this feature is rarely taken advantage of, and violates common assumptions made by many neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Nikoli Dryden , Torsten Hoefler

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has been a successful approach for scaling multilingual translation models to billions of parameters without a proportional increase in training computation. However, MoE models are prohibitively large and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Sneha Kudugunta , Yanping Huang , Ankur Bapna , Maxim Krikun , Dmitry Lepikhin , Minh-Thang Luong , Orhan Firat

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) enjoys performance gain by increasing model capacity while keeping computation cost constant. When comparing MoE to dense models, prior work typically adopt the following setting: 1) use FLOPs or activated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Xianzhi Du , Tom Gunter , Xiang Kong , Mark Lee , Zirui Wang , Aonan Zhang , Nan Du , Ruoming Pang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable efficient scaling of large language models (LLMs) by activating only a subset of experts per input. However, we observe that the commonly used auxiliary load balancing loss often leads to expert…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Hongcan Guo , Haolang Lu , Guoshun Nan , Bolun Chu , Jialin Zhuang , Yuan Yang , Wenhao Che , Xinye Cao , Sicong Leng , Qimei Cui , Xudong Jiang

As the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) continue to expand, aligning these models with human values remains a significant challenge. Recent studies show that reasoning abilities contribute significantly to model safety, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhili Liu , Yunhao Gou , Kai Chen , Lanqing Hong , Jiahui Gao , Fei Mi , Yu Zhang , Zhenguo Li , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , James T. Kwok

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered unprecedented advancements across diverse fields, ranging from natural language processing to computer vision and beyond. The prowess of LLMs is underpinned by their substantial model size,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Weilin Cai , Juyong Jiang , Fan Wang , Jing Tang , Sunghun Kim , Jiayi Huang

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly adopt Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures to scale model capacity while reducing computation. Fine-tuning these MoE-based LLMs often requires access to distributed and privacy-sensitive data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zihan Fang , Qianru Wang , Haonan An , Zheng Lin , Yiqin Deng , Xianhao Chen , Yuguang Fang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various vision-language tasks. However, a generalist MLLM typically underperforms compared with a specialist MLLM on most VL tasks, which can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Leyang Shen , Gongwei Chen , Rui Shao , Weili Guan , Liqiang Nie

We propose a simple yet effective approach to enhance the performance of feed-forward 3D reconstruction models. Existing methods often struggle near depth discontinuities, where standard regression losses encourage spatial averaging and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Zichen Wang , Ang Cao , Liam J. Wang , Jeong Joon Park

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as a cornerstone of modern AI systems. In particular, MoEs route inputs dynamically to specialized experts whose outputs are aggregated through weighted summation. Despite their widespread…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Fangshuo Liao , Anastasios Kyrillidis

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become a prevalent backbone for large vision-language models (VLMs), yet how modality-specific signals should guide expert routing remains under-explored. Existing routing strategies are either hand-crafted or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zi-Hao Bo , Yaqian Li , Anzhou Hou , Rinyoichi Takezoe , Ertao Zhao , Tianxiang Pan , Jiale Yan , Mo Guang , Kaiwen Long

Standard Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models rely on centralized routing mechanisms that introduce rigid inductive biases. We propose Routing-Free MoE which eliminates any hard-coded centralized designs including external routers, Softmax,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yilun Liu , Jinru Han , Sikuan Yan , Volker Tresp , Yunpu Ma