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We study the variance of the REINFORCE policy gradient estimator in environments with continuous state and action spaces, linear dynamics, quadratic cost, and Gaussian noise. These simple environments allow us to derive bounds on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-04 James A. Preiss , Sébastien M. R. Arnold , Chen-Yu Wei , Marius Kloft

We show that the gradient estimates used in training Deep Gaussian Processes (DGPs) with importance-weighted variational inference are susceptible to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) issues. Specifically, we show both theoretically and via an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-22 Tim G. J. Rudner , Oscar Key , Yarin Gal , Tom Rainforth

Symbolic regression (SR) has emerged as a pivotal technique for uncovering the intrinsic information within data and enhancing the interpretability of AI models. However, current state-of-the-art (sota) SR methods struggle to perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Chenglu Sun , Shuo Shen , Wenzhi Tao , Deyi Xue , Zixia Zhou

In policy gradient reinforcement learning, access to a differentiable model enables 1st-order gradient estimation that accelerates learning compared to relying solely on derivative-free 0th-order estimators. However, discontinuous dynamics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ku Onoda , Paavo Parmas , Manato Yaguchi , Yutaka Matsuo

Existing reinforcement learning (RL)-based post-training methods for large language models have advanced rapidly, yet their design has largely been guided by heuristics rather than systematic theoretical principles. This gap limits our…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-16 Zixun Huang , Jiayi Sheng , Zeyu Zheng

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) or verifiable rewards (RLVR), the standard paradigm for aligning LLMs or building recent SOTA reasoning models, is highly sensitive to noise from inconsistent or erroneous rewards. Yet, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Omar El Mansouri , Fathinah Asma Izzati , Mohamed El Amine Seddik , Salem Lahlou

This paper presents a novel RL algorithm, S-REINFORCE, which is designed to generate interpretable policies for dynamic decision-making tasks. The proposed algorithm leverages two types of function approximators, namely Neural Network (NN)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Rajdeep Dutta , Qincheng Wang , Ankur Singh , Dhruv Kumarjiguda , Li Xiaoli , Senthilnath Jayavelu

In real-world applications of reinforcement learning (RL), noise from inherent stochasticity of environments is inevitable. However, current policy evaluation algorithms, which plays a key role in many RL algorithms, are either prone to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-19 Tadashi Kozuno , Dongqi Han , Kenji Doya

Robustness to noise is of utmost importance in reinforcement learning systems, particularly in military contexts where high stakes and uncertain environments prevail. Noise and uncertainty are inherent features of military operations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Lorenzo Nodari , Federico Cerutti

Policy gradient methods in reinforcement learning update policy parameters by taking steps in the direction of an estimated gradient of policy value. In this paper, we consider the statistically efficient estimation of policy gradients from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-21 Nathan Kallus , Masatoshi Uehara

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) scales the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) but remains bottlenecked by limited labeled samples for continued data scaling. Reinforcement learning with intrinsic rewards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Chuyi Tan , Peiwen Yuan , Xinglin Wang , Yiwei Li , Shaoxiong Feng , Yueqi Zhang , Jiayi Shi , Ji Zhang , Boyuan Pan , Yao Hu , Kan Li

Policy gradient methods, which have been extensively studied in the last decade, offer an effective and efficient framework for reinforcement learning problems. However, their performances can often be unsatisfactory, suffering from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Shihab Ahmed , El Houcine Bergou , Aritra Dutta , Yue Wang

The linear quadratic regulator (LQR) problem has reemerged as an important theoretical benchmark for reinforcement learning-based control of complex dynamical systems with continuous state and action spaces. In contrast with nearly all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Benjamin Gravell , Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani , Tyler Summers

We explore reinforcement learning methods for finding the optimal policy in the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) problem. In particular, we consider the convergence of policy gradient methods in the setting of known and unknown parameters.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Ben Hambly , Renyuan Xu , Huining Yang

The paper proposes an efficient, robust, and reconfigurable technique to suppress various types of noises for any sampling rate. The theoretical analyses, subjective and objective test results show that the proposed noise suppression (NS)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-30 Jun Yang , Joshua Bingham

Usually, hearing impaired people use hearing aids which are implemented with speech enhancement algorithms. Estimation of speech and estimation of nose are the components in single channel speech enhancement system. The main objective of…

Sound · Computer Science 2014-11-10 M. Ravichandra Kumar , B. Ravi Teja

This paper develops the first policy gradient method with global optimality guarantee and complexity analysis for robust reinforcement learning under model mismatch. Robust reinforcement learning is to learn a policy robust to model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Yue Wang , Shaofeng Zou

Policy gradient algorithms are widely used in reinforcement learning and belong to the class of approximate dynamic programming methods. This paper studies two key policy gradient algorithms, the Natural Policy Gradient and the Gauss-Newton…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-11 Bowen Song , Sebastien Gros , Andrea Iannelli

Speech emotion recognition (SER) often experiences reduced performance due to background noise. In addition, making a prediction on signals with only background noise could undermine user trust in the system. In this study, we propose a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-06 Yu-Wen Chen , Julia Hirschberg , Yu Tsao

Policy gradient and actor-critic algorithms form the basis of many commonly used training techniques in deep reinforcement learning. Using these algorithms in multiagent environments poses problems such as nonstationarity and instability.…

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