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Open-domain complex Question Answering (QA) is a difficult task with challenges in evidence retrieval and reasoning. The complexity of such questions could stem from questions being compositional, hybrid evidence, or ambiguity in questions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Venktesh V. Deepali Prabhu , Avishek Anand

Pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant attention for addressing open-domain Question Answering (QA). While they exhibit high accuracy in answering questions related to common knowledge, LLMs encounter difficulties…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Rohan Kumar , Youngmin Kim , Sunitha Ravi , Haitian Sun , Christos Faloutsos , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Minji Yoon

The rapid development of LLMs has sparked extensive research into their factual knowledge. Current works find that LLMs fall short on questions around low-frequency entities. However, such proofs are unreliable since the questions can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Qing Zong , Zhaowei Wang , Tianshi Zheng , Xiyu Ren , Yangqiu Song

Recently, significant efforts have been devoted to enhancing the long-context capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in long-context reasoning. To facilitate this research, we propose \textbf{DetectiveQA}, a dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Zhe Xu , Jiasheng Ye , Xiaoran Liu , Xiangyang Liu , Tianxiang Sun , Zhigeng Liu , Qipeng Guo , Linlin Li , Qun Liu , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

Large language models (LLMs) excel at many general-purpose natural language processing tasks. However, their ability to perform deep reasoning and mathematical analysis, particularly for complex tasks as required in cryptography, remains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Mayar Elfares , Pascal Reisert , Tilman Dietz , Manpa Barman , Ahmed Zaki , Ralf Küsters , Andreas Bulling

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought impressive performances on mitigation strategies against misinformation, such as counterargument generation. However, LLMs are still seriously hindered by outdated knowledge and by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Blanca Calvo Figueras , Rodrigo Agerri

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities given chain-of-thought prompts (examples with intermediate reasoning steps). Existing benchmarks measure reasoning ability indirectly, by evaluating accuracy on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Abulhair Saparov , He He

Accurate and efficient question-answering systems are essential for delivering high-quality patient care in the medical field. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have made remarkable strides across various domains, they continue to face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Hang Yang , Hao Chen , Hui Guo , Yineng Chen , Ching-Sheng Lin , Shu Hu , Jinrong Hu , Xi Wu , Xin Wang

Bangla, a language spoken by over 300 million native speakers and ranked as the sixth most spoken language worldwide, presents unique challenges in natural language processing (NLP) due to its complex morphological characteristics and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Souvika Sarkar , Md. Najib Hasan , Santu Karmaker

Accuracy of English-language Question Answering (QA) systems has improved significantly in recent years with the advent of Transformer-based models (e.g., BERT). These models are pre-trained in a self-supervised fashion with a large English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Gokul Karthik Kumar , Abhishek Singh Gehlot , Sahal Shaji Mullappilly , Karthik Nandakumar

Large language models (LLMs) have shown nearly saturated performance on many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. As a result, it is natural for people to believe that LLMs have also mastered abilities such as time understanding and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yifan Wei , Yisong Su , Huanhuan Ma , Xiaoyan Yu , Fangyu Lei , Yuanzhe Zhang , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Multimodal information, together with our knowledge, help us to understand the complex and dynamic world. Large language models (LLM) and large multimodal models (LMM), however, still struggle to emulate this capability. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yuanhan Zhang , Kaichen Zhang , Bo Li , Fanyi Pu , Christopher Arif Setiadharma , Jingkang Yang , Ziwei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance across a wide range of tasks, yet they still struggle with complex mathematical reasoning, a challenge fundamentally rooted in deep structural dependencies. To address this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Lei Zan , Keli Zhang , Ruichu Cai , Lujia Pan

With the rapid development of knowledge bases(KBs),question answering(QA)based on KBs has become a hot research issue. In this paper,we propose two frameworks(i.e.,pipeline framework,an end-to-end framework)to focus answering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Lin Li , Mengjing Zhang , Zhaohui Chao , Jianwen Xiang

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated an impressive ability to encode knowledge during pre-training on large text corpora. They can leverage this knowledge for downstream tasks like question answering (QA), even in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Juraj Vladika , Phillip Schneider , Florian Matthes

The need for Question Answering datasets in low resource languages is the motivation of this research, leading to the development of Kencorpus Swahili Question Answering Dataset, KenSwQuAD. This dataset is annotated from raw story texts of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Barack W. Wanjawa , Lilian D. A. Wanzare , Florence Indede , Owen McOnyango , Lawrence Muchemi , Edward Ombui

Large language models (LLMs) have an impressive ability to draw on novel information supplied in their context. Yet the mechanisms underlying this contextual grounding remain unknown, especially in situations where contextual information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Giovanni Monea , Maxime Peyrard , Martin Josifoski , Vishrav Chaudhary , Jason Eisner , Emre Kıcıman , Hamid Palangi , Barun Patra , Robert West

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit extensive knowledge about the world, but most evaluations have been limited to global or anglocentric subjects. This raises the question of how well these models perform on topics relevant to other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Julen Etxaniz , Gorka Azkune , Aitor Soroa , Oier Lopez de Lacalle , Mikel Artetxe

This study is the first to investigate LLM comprehension capabilities over long-context (LC), clinically relevant medical Question Answering (QA) beyond MCQA. Our comprehensive approach considers a range of settings based on content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Feras AlMannaa , Talia Tseriotou , Jenny Chim , Maria Liakata

Top-down transparency typically analyzes language model activations using probes with scalar or single-token outputs, limiting the range of behaviors that can be captured. To alleviate this issue, we develop a more expressive probe that can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Alexander Pan , Lijie Chen , Jacob Steinhardt