Related papers: On Normality and Equidistribution for Separator En…

This work solves an open question in finite-state compressibility posed by Lutz and Mayordomo about compressibility of real numbers in different bases. Finite-state compressibility, or equivalently, finite-state dimension, quantifies the…

The notion of a normal bit sequence was introduced by Borel in 1909; it was the first definition of an individual random object. Normality is a weak notion of randomness requiring only that all $2^n$ factors (substrings) of arbitrary…

Let $Q=(q_n)_{n=1}^{\infty}$ be a sequence of integers greater than or equal to 2. We say that a real number $x$ in $[0,1)$ is {\it $Q$-distribution normal} if the sequence $(q_1q_2... q_n x)_{n=1}^{\infty}$ is uniformly distributed mod 1.…

Let $G$ be a countable cancellative amenable semigroup and let $(F_n)$ be a (left) F{\o}lner sequence in $G$. We introduce the notion of an $(F_n)$-normal element of $\{0,1\}^G$. When $G$ = $(\mathbb N,+)$ and $F_n = \{1,2,...,n\}$, the…

We introduce the notion of a separator for a morphism of schemes f:T\to S; in particular, it is universal among morphisms from T to separated S-schemes. A separator is a local isomorphism; this property conveys the intuition of gluing some…

Finite-state dimension, introduced early in this century as a finite-state version of classical Hausdorff dimension, is a quantitative measure of the lower asymptotic density of information in an infinite sequence over a finite alphabet, as…

Given two languages, a separator is a third language that contains the first one and is disjoint from the second one. We investigate the following decision problem: given two regular input languages of finite words, decide whether there…

Let $g \geq 2$. A real number is said to be g-normal if its base g expansion contains every finite sequence of digits with the expected limiting frequency. Let \phi denote Euler's totient function, let \sigma be the sum-of-divisors…

Fix a sequence of integers $Q=\{q_n\}_{n=1}^\infty$ such that $q_n$ is greater than or equal to 2 for all $n$. In this paper, we improve upon results by J. Galambos and F. Schweiger showing that almost every (in the sense of Lebesgue…

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the random tensor with normal distribution, which promotes the matrix normal distribution to a higher order case. Some basic knowledge on tensors are introduced before we focus on the random…

By Zeckendorf's theorem, an equivalent definition of the Fibonacci sequence (appropriately normalized) is that it is the unique sequence of increasing integers such that every positive number can be written uniquely as a sum of non-adjacent…

We introduce \emph{patterned numbers}, a digit--divisor-based classification of integers motivated by recreational mathematics. A number is defined to be patterned if at least one of its positive divisors appears as a digit in its base-10…

Given a self-similar set $\Lambda$ that is the attractor of an iterated function system (IFS) $\{f_1,\dots,f_N\}$, consider the following method for constructing a random subset of $\Lambda$: Let $\mathbf{p}=(p_1,\dots,p_N)$ be a…

The problem of non-iterative one-shot and non-destructive correction of unavoidable mistakes arises in all Artificial Intelligence applications in the real world. Its solution requires robust separation of samples with errors from samples…

We show that any distribution function on $\mathbb{R}^d$ with nonnegative, nonzero and integrable marginal distributions can be characterized by a norm on $\mathbb{R}^{d+1}$, called $F$-norm. We characterize the set of $F$-norms and prove…

A Cantor series expansion for a real number $x$ with respect to a basic sequence $Q=(q_1,q_2,\dots)$, where $q_i \geq 2$, is a representation of the form $x=a_0 + \sum_{i=1}^\infty \frac{a_i}{q_1q_2\cdots q_i}$ where $0 \leq a_i<q_i$. These…

Following in the footsteps of P. Erd\H{o}s and A. R\'enyi we compute the Hausdorff dimension of sets of numbers whose digits with respect to their $Q$-Cantor series expansions satisfy various statistical properties. In particular, we…

Given any oracle, A, we construct a basic sequence Q, computable in the jump of A, such that no A-computable real is Q-distribution-normal. A corollary to this is that there is a Delta^0_{n+1} basic sequence with respect to which no…

This paper has been withdrawn Any real number $x$ in the unit interval can be expressed as a continued fraction $x=[n_1,...,n_{_N},...]$. Subsets of zero measure are obtained by imposing simple conditions on the $n_{_N}$. By imposing…

Let $P: \F \times \F \to \F$ be a polynomial of bounded degree over a finite field $\F$ of large characteristic. In this paper we establish the following dichotomy: either $P$ is a moderate asymmetric expander in the sense that $|P(A,B)|…