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Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are numerical solvers that embed all the physical information of a system into the loss function of a neural network. In this way the learned solution accounts for data (if available), the governing…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-07-30 Andrés Martínez-Esteban , Pablo Calvo-Barlés , Luis Martín-Moreno , Sergio G Rodrigo

In recent years, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have become a representative method for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) with neural networks. PINNs provide a novel approach to solving PDEs through optimization…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Weiwei Zhang , Wei Suo , Jiahao Song , Wenbo Cao

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently been used to solve various computational problems which are governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). In this paper, we propose a multi-output physics-informed neural network…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Mingyuan Yang , John T. Foster

A physics-informed neural network (PINN) uses physics-augmented loss functions, e.g., incorporating the residual term from governing partial differential equations (PDEs), to ensure its output is consistent with fundamental physics laws.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Jian Cheng Wong , Chinchun Ooi , Abhishek Gupta , Yew-Soon Ong

We provide an approach enabling one to employ physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for uncertainty quantification. Our approach is applicable to systems where observations are scarce (or even lacking), these being typical situations…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-08-12 Milad Panahi , Giovanni Michele Porta , Monica Riva , Alberto Guadagnini

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have garnered significant interest for their potential in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) that govern a wide range of physical phenomena. By incorporating physical laws into the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Jian Cheng Wong , Isaac Yin Chung Lai , Pao-Hsiung Chiu , Chin Chun Ooi , Abhishek Gupta , Yew-Soon Ong

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as promising methods for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding physical laws within neural architectures. However, these classical approaches often require a large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Afrah Farea , Saiful Khan , Mustafa Serdar Celebi

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a versatile tool in the burgeoning field of scientific machine learning for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, determining suitable training strategies for them is not…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Saad Qadeer , Panos Stinis

Physics-informed deep learning has emerged as a promising framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Nevertheless, training these models on complex problems remains challenging, often leading to limited accuracy and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-13 Wenqian Chen , Amanda Howard , Panos Stinis

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are gaining popularity as a method for solving differential equations. While being more feasible in some contexts than the classical numerical techniques, PINNs still lack credibility. A remedy for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Olga Graf , Pablo Flores , Pavlos Protopapas , Karim Pichara

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and hybrid quantum-classical extensions provide a promising framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding physical laws directly into the learning process. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Ban Q. Tran , Nahid Binandeh Dehaghani , A. Pedro Aguiar , Rafal Wisniewski , Susan Mengel

Multiscale problems are challenging for neural network-based discretizations of differential equations, such as physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). This can be (partly) attributed to the so-called spectral bias of neural networks. To…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-07 Alexander Heinlein , Amanda A. Howard , Damien Beecroft , Panos Stinis

Solving analytically intractable partial differential equations (PDEs) that involve at least one variable defined on an unbounded domain arises in numerous physical applications. Accurately solving unbounded domain PDEs requires efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Mingtao Xia , Lucas Böttcher , Tom Chou

Numerical methods such as finite element have been flourishing in the past decades for modeling solid mechanics problems via solving governing partial differential equations (PDEs). A salient aspect that distinguishes these numerical…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-16 Chengping Rao , Hao Sun , Yang Liu

This paper explores the difficulties in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). PINNs use physics as a regularization term in the objective function. However, a drawback of this approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Shamsulhaq Basir

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are an increasingly powerful way to solve partial differential equations, generate digital twins, and create neural surrogates of physical models. In this manuscript we detail the inner workings of…

Scientific Machine Learning (SciML) integrates physics and data into the learning process, offering improved generalization compared with purely data-driven models. Despite its potential, applications of SciML in prognostics remain limited,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Ibai Ramirez , Jokin Alcibar , Joel Pino , Mikel Sanz , David Pardo , Jose I. Aizpurua

While physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have become a popular deep learning framework for tackling forward and inverse problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs), their performance is known to degrade when larger and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Sifan Wang , Bowen Li , Yuhan Chen , Paris Perdikaris

Inverse problems arise almost everywhere in science and engineering where we need to infer on a quantity from indirect observation. The cases of medical, biomedical, and industrial imaging systems are the typical examples. A very high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Ali Mohammad-Djafari

Approximating solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs) is fundamental for the modeling of dynamical systems in science and engineering. Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a recent machine learning-based approach, for…