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Vector Quantized Variational Autoencoders (VQ-VAEs) leverage self-supervised learning through reconstruction tasks to represent continuous vectors using the closest vectors in a codebook. However, issues such as codebook collapse persist in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Hong-Kai Zheng , Piji Li

Vector Quantization (VQ) is essential for discretizing continuous representations in unsupervised learning but suffers from representation collapse, causing low codebook utilization and limiting scalability. Existing solutions often rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yongxin Zhu , Bocheng Li , Yifei Xin , Zhihua Xia , Linli Xu

Under limited data setting, GANs often struggle to navigate and effectively exploit the input latent space. Consequently, images generated from adjacent variables in a sparse input latent space may exhibit significant discrepancies in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jian Wang , Xin Lan , Jizhe Zhou , Yuxin Tian , Jiancheng Lv

Quantization methods have been introduced to perform large scale approximate nearest search tasks. Residual Vector Quantization (RVQ) is one of the effective quantization methods. RVQ uses a multi-stage codebook learning scheme to lower the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-09-18 Shicong Liu , Hongtao Lu , Junru Shao

Image tokenizers play a critical role in shaping the performance of subsequent generative models. Since the introduction of VQ-GAN, discrete image tokenization has undergone remarkable advancements. Improvements in architecture,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Xiang Li , Kai Qiu , Hao Chen , Jason Kuen , Jiuxiang Gu , Jindong Wang , Zhe Lin , Bhiksha Raj

Vector Quantized Variational Autoencoders (VQ-VAEs) are fundamental to modern generative modeling, yet they often suffer from training instability and "codebook collapse" due to the inherent coupling of representation learning and discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Linwei Zhai , Han Ding , Mingzhi Lin , Cui Zhao , Fei Wang , Ge Wang , Wang Zhi , Wei Xi

Recent state-of-the-art neural audio compression models have progressively adopted residual vector quantization (RVQ). Despite this success, these models employ a fixed number of codebooks per frame, which can be suboptimal in terms of…

Consider the following distributed optimization scenario. A worker has access to training data that it uses to compute the gradients while a server decides when to stop iterative computation based on its target accuracy or delay…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Chung-Yi Lin , Victoria Kostina , Babak Hassibi

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is a common paradigm for network quantization, in which the training phase incorporates the simulation of the low-precision computation to optimize the quantization parameters in alignment with the task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Chengting Yu , Shu Yang , Fengzhao Zhang , Hanzhi Ma , Aili Wang , Er-Ping Li

Built upon vector quantization (VQ), discrete audio codec models have achieved great success in audio compression and auto-regressive audio generation. However, existing models face substantial challenges in perceptual quality and signal…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-20 Zhikang Niu , Sanyuan Chen , Long Zhou , Ziyang Ma , Xie Chen , Shujie Liu

Vector Quantization (VQ) is a method for discretizing latent representations and has become a major part of the deep learning toolkit. It has been theoretically and empirically shown that discretization of representations leads to improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Dianbo Liu , Alex Lamb , Xu Ji , Pascal Notsawo , Mike Mozer , Yoshua Bengio , Kenji Kawaguchi

Residual Vector Quantization (RVQ) has become a dominant approach in neural speech and audio coding, providing high-fidelity compression. However, speech coding presents additional challenges due to real-world noise, which degrades…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yunkee Chae , Kyogu Lee

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has intensified the need for effective mechanisms to transform continuous multimodal data into discrete representations suitable for language-based processing. Discrete tokenization,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Jindong Li , Yali Fu , Jiahong Liu , Linxiao Cao , Wei Ji , Menglin Yang , Irwin King , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Vector quantized diffusion (VQ-Diffusion) is a powerful generative model for text-to-image synthesis, but sometimes can still generate low-quality samples or weakly correlated images with text input. We find these issues are mainly due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Zhicong Tang , Shuyang Gu , Jianmin Bao , Dong Chen , Fang Wen

Post-training quantization (PTQ) efficiently compresses vision models, but unfortunately, it accompanies a certain degree of accuracy degradation. Reconstruction methods aim to enhance model performance by narrowing the gap between the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Lianwei Yang , Zhikai Li , Junrui Xiao , Haisong Gong , Qingyi Gu

The Visual Geometry Grounded Transformer (VGGT) enables strong feed-forward 3D reconstruction without per-scene optimization. However, its billion-parameter scale creates high memory and compute demands, hindering on-device deployment.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yipu Zhang , Jintao Cheng , Xingyu Liu , Zeyu Li , Carol Jingyi Li , Jin Wu , Lin Jiang , Yuan Xie , Jiang Xu , Wei Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities but typically require extensive computational resources and memory for inference. Post-training quantization (PTQ) can effectively reduce these demands by storing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xi Zhang , Xiaolin Wu , Jiamang Wang , Weisi Lin

Vision Transformers (ViTs) are essential in computer vision but are computationally intensive, too. Model quantization, particularly to low bit-widths like 4-bit, aims to alleviate this difficulty, yet existing Post-Training Quantization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Guang Liang , Xinyao Liu , Jianxin Wu

This work introduces NeuroQuant, a novel post-training quantization (PTQ) approach tailored to non-generalized Implicit Neural Representations for variable-rate Video Coding (INR-VC). Unlike existing methods that require extensive weight…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-18 Junqi Shi , Zhujia Chen , Hanfei Li , Qi Zhao , Ming Lu , Tong Chen , Zhan Ma

Vector quantization (VQ) is a method for deterministically learning features through discrete codebook representations. Recent works have utilized visual tokenizers to discretize visual regions for self-supervised representation learning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Chenjing Ding , Chiyu Wang , Boshi Liu , Xi Guo , Weixuan Tang , Wei Wu