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In 1963-71, a group of people, myself included, formulated and perfected a new approach to physics problems, which eventually came to be known under the names of scaling, universality, and renormalization. This work formed the basis of a…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Leo P. Kadanoff

This article is a position paper written in reaction to the now-infamous paper titled "On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big?" by Timnit Gebru, Emily Bender, and others who were, as of the date of this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Michael Lissack

The paper deals with the mathematical - numerical analysis of the Mandelbrot equation extended by the dynamic continuous term. The possibilities of generation of fractal patterns with the mathematical form, defined in such a manner, were…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Marek Berezowski

In 1686 in his Discours de Metaphysique, Leibniz points out that if an arbitrarily complex theory is permitted then the notion of "theory" becomes vacuous because there is always a theory. This idea is developed in the modern theory of…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2007-05-23 G. J. Chaitin

Direct look at the celebrated "chaotic" Mandelbrot Set in Fig..\ref{Mand2} immediately reveals that it is a collection of almost ideal circles and cardioids, unified in a specific {\it forest} structure. In /hep-th/9501235 a systematic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 V. Dolotin , A. Morozov

The hypothesis that philosophy is driven by difference/innovation is checked in a quantitative manner. This was performed by assigning grades to eight main philosophical features with respect to seven prominent philosophers, which allowed…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-10-25 Renato Fabbri , Osvaldo N. Oliveira , Luciano da Fontoura Costa

Statistics is a uniquely difficult field to convey to the uninitiated. It sits astride the abstract and the concrete, the theoretical and the applied. It has a mathematical flavor and yet it is not simply a branch of mathematics. Its core…

Applications · Statistics 2011-01-06 Michael I. Jordan

We re-examine the old question to what extent mathematics may be compared with a game. Mainly inspired by Hilbert and Wittgenstein, our answer is that mathematics is something like a rhododendron of language games, where the rules are…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-08-08 Klaas Landsman , Kirti Singh

Scientific communication is an essential part of modern science: whereas Archimedes worked alone, Newton (1676) acknowledged that "If I have seen a little further, it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants." How is scientific…

General Physics · Physics 2009-09-30 J. C. Phillips

Scientists often think of the world (or some part of it) as a dynamical system, a stochastic process, or a generalization of such a system. Prominent examples of systems are (i) the system of planets orbiting the sun or any other classical…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-04-30 Christian List , Marcus Pivato

Concise introduction to a relatively new subject of non-linear algebra: literal extension of text-book linear algebra to the case of non-linear equations and maps. This powerful science is based on the notions of discriminant…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-29 V. Dolotin , A. Morozov

One often distinguishes between a line and a plane by saying that the former is one-dimensional while the latter is two. But, what does it mean for an object to have $d-$dimensions? Can we define a consistent notion of dimension rigorously…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2020-12-22 Satvik Singh

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable successes on various tasks. However, recent studies have found that there are still significant challenges to the logical reasoning abilities of LLMs, which can be categorized into the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Fengxiang Cheng , Haoxuan Li , Fenrong Liu , Robert van Rooij , Kun Zhang , Zhouchen Lin

The word "complexity" is most often used as a meta--linguistic expression referring to certain intuitive characteristics of a natural system and/or its scientific description. These characteristics may include: sheer amount of data that…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2013-01-03 Yuri I. Manin

The quadratic Mandelbrot set has been referred to as the most complex and beautiful object in mathematics and the Riemann Zeta function takes the prize for the most complicated and enigmatic function. Here we elucidate the spectrum of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2011-09-26 Chris King

I provide a critical commentary regarding the attitude of the logician and the philosopher towards the physicist and physics. The commentary is intended to showcase how a general change in attitude towards making scientific inquiries can be…

General Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Abhishek Majhi

We consider Einstein's attitude with regard to religion both from sociological and epistemological points of view. An attempt to put it into a wider socio-historical perspective has been made, with the emphasis on his ethnic and religious…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2007-07-02 V. Djokovic , P. Grujic

Einstein's philosophy of physics (as clarified by Fine, Howard, and Held) was predicated on his Trennungsprinzip, a combination of separability and locality, without which he believed objectification, and thereby "physical thought" and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 N. P. Landsman

The explicit relationship among perception, communication, and design is being discussed in some detail, in order to relate it to characteristic details of the modeling of the world which defines the scientific and artistic activities of…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 R. E. Zimmermann , S. Ley , V. G. Budanov , V. E. Voitsekhovitch

This paper explores the question of how accurately current large language models can perform logical reasoning in natural language, with an emphasis on whether these models exhibit reasoning biases similar to humans. Specifically, our study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Kentaro Ozeki , Risako Ando , Takanobu Morishita , Hirohiko Abe , Koji Mineshima , Mitsuhiro Okada