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Recent advances in vision language models (VLMs) offer reasoning capabilities, yet how these unfold and integrate visual and textual information remains unclear. We analyze reasoning dynamics in 18 VLMs covering instruction-tuned and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Danae Sánchez Villegas , Samuel Lewis-Lim , Nikolaos Aletras , Desmond Elliott

Imitation learning in robotics faces significant challenges in generalization due to the complexity of robotic environments and the high cost of data collection. We introduce RoCoDA, a novel method that unifies the concepts of invariance,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Ezra Ameperosa , Jeremy A. Collins , Mrinal Jain , Animesh Garg

We demonstrate that co-training (Blum & Mitchell, 1998) can improve the performance of prompt-based learning by using unlabeled data. While prompting has emerged as a promising paradigm for few-shot and zero-shot learning, it is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Hunter Lang , Monica Agrawal , Yoon Kim , David Sontag

Vision-language-action (VLA) models represent a promising direction for developing general-purpose robotic systems, demonstrating the ability to combine visual understanding, language comprehension, and action generation. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Pranav Guruprasad , Harshvardhan Sikka , Jaewoo Song , Yangyue Wang , Paul Pu Liang

Dexterous manipulation is essential for real-world robot autonomy, mirroring the central role of human hand coordination in daily activity. Humans rely on rich multimodal perception--vision, sound, and language-guided intent--to perform…

Language-conditioned robot behavior plays a vital role in executing complex tasks by associating human commands or instructions with perception and actions. The ability to compose long-horizon tasks based on unconstrained language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Zhaoxun Ju , Chao Yang , Hongbo Wang , Yu Qiao , Fuchun Sun

Recently, robotics has advanced significantly through the integration of larger models and large-scale datasets. However, challenges remain in applying these models to 3D spatial interactions and managing data collection costs. To address…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Feng Yan , Fanfan Liu , Liming Zheng , Yufeng Zhong , Yiyang Huang , Zechao Guan , Chengjian Feng , Lin Ma

Large, general-purpose robotic policies trained on diverse demonstration datasets have been shown to be remarkably effective both for controlling a variety of robots in a range of different scenes, and for acquiring broad repertoires of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Mitsuhiko Nakamoto , Oier Mees , Aviral Kumar , Sergey Levine

Recently, the robotics community has amassed ever larger and more diverse datasets to train generalist robot policies. However, while these policies achieve strong mean performance across a variety of tasks, they often underperform on…

In the field of robotic manipulation, deep imitation learning is recognized as a promising approach for acquiring manipulation skills. Additionally, learning from diverse robot datasets is considered a viable method to achieve versatility…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Heecheol Kim , Yoshiyuki Ohmura , Yasuo Kuniyoshi

We present a unified framework for multi-task locomotion and manipulation policy learning grounded in a contact-explicit representation. Instead of designing different policies for different tasks, our approach unifies the definition of a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Shafeef Omar , Majid Khadiv

Most policy search algorithms require thousands of training episodes to find an effective policy, which is often infeasible with a physical robot. This survey article focuses on the extreme other end of the spectrum: how can a robot adapt…

This study achieved bidirectional translation between descriptions and actions using small paired data from different modalities. The ability to mutually generate descriptions and actions is essential for robots to collaborate with humans…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Minori Toyoda , Kanata Suzuki , Yoshihiko Hayashi , Tetsuya Ogata

Large-scale joint training of multimodal models, e.g., CLIP, have demonstrated great performance in many vision-language tasks. However, image-text pairs for pre-training are restricted to the intersection of images and texts, limiting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Yanan Sun , Zihan Zhong , Qi Fan , Chi-Keung Tang , Yu-Wing Tai

Manipulating objects to achieve desired goal states is a basic but important skill for dexterous manipulation. Human hand motions demonstrate proficient manipulation capability, providing valuable data for training robots with multi-finger…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Yuanpei Chen , Chen Wang , Yaodong Yang , C. Karen Liu

Collaboration between human and robot requires effective modes of communication to assign robot tasks and coordinate activities. As communication can utilize different modalities, a multi-modal approach can be more expressive than single…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-01 A. Ekrekli , A. Angleraud , G. Sharma , R. Pieters

As the embodiment gap between a robot and a human narrows, new opportunities arise to leverage datasets of humans interacting with their surroundings for robot learning. We propose a novel technique for training sensorimotor policies with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Himanshu Gaurav Singh , Pieter Abbeel , Jitendra Malik , Antonio Loquercio

Humanoid robots require precise locomotion and dexterous manipulation to perform challenging loco-manipulation tasks. Yet existing approaches, modular or end-to-end, are deficient in manipulation-aware locomotion. This confines the robot to…

This paper investigates how to utilize different forms of human interaction to safely train autonomous systems in real-time by learning from both human demonstrations and interventions. We implement two components of the Cycle-of-Learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Vinicius G. Goecks , Gregory M. Gremillion , Vernon J. Lawhern , John Valasek , Nicholas R. Waytowich

This paper presents a vision-based learning-by-demonstration approach to enable robots to learn and complete a manipulation task cooperatively. With this method, a vision system is involved in both the task demonstration and reproduction…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-06-05 Bidan Huang , Menglong Ye , Su-Lin Lee , Guang-Zhong Yang