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This research focuses on the evolving dynamics of the power grid, where traditional synchronous generators are being replaced by non-synchronous power electronic converter (PEC)-interfaced renewable energy sources. The non-linear dynamics…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-01 Sunil Subedi , Bidur Poudel , Pooja Aslami , Robert Fourney , Hossein Moradi Rekabdarkolaee , Reinaldo Tonkoski , Timothy M. Hansen

This paper proposes a control method for battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to provide concurrent primary frequency and local voltage regulation services. The actual variable active and reactive power capability of the converter, along…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-10 Antonio Zecchino , Zhao Yuan , Fabrizio Sossan , Rachid Cherkaoui , Mario Paolone

The existing literature on Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) predominantly focuses on two main areas: control system design aimed at achieving grid stability and the techno-economic analysis of BESS dispatch on power grid. However, with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Venkata Rajesh Chundru , Shreshta Rajakumar Deshpande , Stanislav A Gankov

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) are increasingly critical to power-system stability, yet their operation and maintenance remain dominated by reactive, expert-dependent diagnostics. While cell-level inconsistencies provide early…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-08 Jingbo Qu , Yijie Wang , Yujie Fu , Putai Zhang , Weihan Li , Mian Li

This paper investigates the dynamic interactions between large-scale data centers and the power grid, focusing on reliability challenges arising from sudden fluctuations in demand. With the rapid growth of AI-driven workloads, such…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-30 Kyung-Bin Kwon , Sayak Mukherjee , Veronica Adetola

Power grids are one of the most important components of infrastructure in today's world. Every nation is dependent on the security and stability of its own power grid to provide electricity to the households and industries. A malfunction of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Biswarup Bhattacharya , Abhishek Sinha

As power systems evolve with the integration of renewable energy sources and the implementation of smart grid technologies, there is an increasing need for flexible and scalable modeling approaches capable of accurately capturing the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-06 Amir Bahador Javadi , Philip Pong

Renewable energy resources and power electronics-interfaced loads introduce fast dynamics in distribution networks. These dynamics cannot be regulated by slow conventional solutions and require fast controllable energy resources such as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-11 H. Sekhavatmaneshand , S. Mastellone

This paper presents a mixed-integer, nonlinear, multi-objective optimization strategy for optimal power allocation among parallel strings in Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). High-fidelity control is achieved by co-simulating the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Vivek Teja Tanjavooru , Prashant Pant , Thomas Hamacher , Holger Hesse

Fuel cells are a promising power source for future data centers, offering high energy efficiency, low greenhouse gas emissions, and high reliability. However, due to mechanical limitations related to fuel delivery, fuel cells are slow to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Yang Li , Di Wang , Saugata Ghose , Jie Liu , Sriram Govindan , Sean James , Eric Peterson , John Siegler , Rachata Ausavarungnirun , Onur Mutlu

This study explores data-driven modeling techniques to capture the dynamics of a grid-forming converter-based infinite bus system, critical for renewable-integrated power grids. Using sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics and deep…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-13 Amir Bahador Javadi , Philip Pong

A major concern associated to the massive connection of distributed energy resources is the increasing share of power electronic interfaces resulting in the global inertia reduction of power systems. The recent literature advocated the use…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-21 Yihui Zuo , Mario Paolone , Fabrizio. Sossan

The rapid growth of data centers has made large electronic load (LEL) modeling increasingly important for power system analysis. Such loads are characterized by fast workload-driven variability and protection-driven disconnection and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Siyu Lu , Chenhan Xiao , Yang Weng

Data centers are facilities housing computing infrastructure for processing and storing digital information. The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence is driving unprecedented growth in data center capacity, with global electricity…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-30 Haoxiang Wan , Linhan Fang , Xingpeng Li

Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are essential for stable power supply in renewable energy systems that can operate in all weather. Future BESSs will be massive and pluggable with several heterogeneous batteries. In this paper, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-17 Yusuke Hakuta , Yasushi Amano , Tomohiko Jimbo , Shuji Tomura

Due to the energy crisis and environmental pollution, the installed capacity of inverter-based resources (IBRs) in power grids is rapidly increasing, and grid-following control (GFL) is the most prevalent at present. Meanwhile, grid-forming…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-05 Yinhong Lin , Bin Wang , Qinglai Guo , Haotian Zhao , Hongbin Sun

Large-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS) are helping transition the world towards sustainability with their broad use, among others, in electrified transportation, power grid, and renewables. However, optimal power management for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-07 Amir Farakhor , Di Wu , Yebin Wang , Huazhen Fang

The rising demand of computing power leads to the installation of a large number of Data Centers (DCs). Their Fault-Ride-Through (FRT) behavior and their unique power characteristics, especially for DCs catered to Artificial Intelligence…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-23 Alberto Jimenez-Ruiz , Federico Milano

The integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into power distribution grids poses challenges to system reliability due to the inherent uncertainty in their power production. To address this issue, battery energy sources (BESs) are being…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-12 Arnab Dey , Vivek Khatana , Ankur Mani , Murti V. Salapaka

AI data center loads create query-driven power transients on millisecond timescales. Such loads can violate the timescale separation assumptions underlying internal inverter control of grid-following resources collocated with data centers…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Miroslav Kosanic , Marija Ilic