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Cooperatively optimizing a vast number of agents that are connected over a large-scale network brings unprecedented scalability challenges. This paper revolves around problems optimizing coupled objective functions under coupled…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-14 Xiang Huo , Mingxi Liu

While large language model-based multi-agent systems have shown strong potential for complex reasoning, how to effectively organize multiple agents remains an open question. In this paper, we introduce OrgAgent, a company-style hierarchical…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yiru Wang , Xinyue Shen , Yaohui Han , Michael Backes , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho

Synchronizing decisions across multiple agents in realistic settings is problematic since it requires agents to wait for other agents to terminate and communicate about termination reliably. Ideally, agents should learn and execute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Yuchen Xiao , Weihao Tan , Christopher Amato

Multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems have shown strong potential in complex reasoning and collaborative decision-making tasks. However, most existing coordination schemes rely on static or full-context routing strategies, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Jun Liu , Zhenglun Kong , Changdi Yang , Fan Yang , Tianqi Li , Peiyan Dong , Joannah Nanjekye , Hao Tang , Geng Yuan , Wei Niu , Wenbin Zhang , Pu Zhao , Xue Lin , Dong Huang , Yanzhi Wang

Multi-agent systems cooperation to achieve global goals is usually limited by sensing, actuation, and communication issues. At the local level, continuous measurement and actuation is only approximated by the use of digital mechanisms that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-18 Eloy Garcia , Yongcan Cao , David W. Casbeer

Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents capable of autonomous learning and independent decision-making hold great promise for addressing complex challenges across various critical infrastructure domains, including transportation, energy…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Hepeng Li , Yuhong Liu , Jun Yan , Jie Gao , Xiaoou Yang

This paper develops a control-theoretic framework for analyzing agentic systems embedded within feedback control loops, where an AI agent may adapt controller parameters, select among control strategies, invoke external tools, reconfigure…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-26 Ali Eslami , Jiangbo Yu

The evaluation of large language models (LLMs) has predominantly relied on static datasets, which offer limited scalability and fail to capture the evolving reasoning capabilities of recent models. To overcome these limitations, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Seungdong Yoa , Sanghyu Yoon , Suhee Yoon , Dongmin Kim , Ye Seul Sim , Junhyun Lee , Woohyung Lim

Constraint-based optimization is a cornerstone of robotics, enabling the design of controllers that reliably encode task and safety requirements such as collision avoidance or formation adherence. However, handcrafted constraints can fail…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Michael Amir , Guang Yang , Zhan Gao , Keisuke Okumura , Heedo Woo , Amanda Prorok

Simulation is a crucial tool for accelerating the development of autonomous vehicles. Making simulation realistic requires models of the human road users who interact with such cars. Such models can be obtained by applying learning from…

Remarkable progress has been made on automated problem solving through societies of agents based on large language models (LLMs). Existing LLM-based multi-agent systems can already solve simple dialogue tasks. Solutions to more complex…

We introduce a novel distributed sampled-data control method tailored for heterogeneous multi-agent systems under a global spatio-temporal task with acyclic dependencies. Specifically, we consider the global task as a conjunction of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-12 Gregorio Marchesini , Siyuan Liu , Lars Lindemann , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

LLM-based multi-agent systems have demonstrated significant capabilities across diverse domains. However, the task performance and efficiency are fundamentally constrained by their collaboration strategies. Prevailing approaches rely on…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Qingwen Yang , Feiyu Qu , Tiezheng Guo , Yanyi Liu , Yingyou Wen

Active traffic management with autonomous vehicles offers the potential for reduced congestion and improved traffic flow. However, developing effective algorithms for real-world scenarios requires overcoming challenges related to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Shengchao Yan , Lukas König , Wolfram Burgard

This paper studies the optimal resource allocation problem within a multi-agent network composed of both autonomous agents and humans. The main challenge lies in the globally coupled constraints that link the decisions of autonomous agents…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-04 Yichen Yao , Ryan Mbagna Nanko , Yue Wang , Xuan Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance in code generation, but most methods rely on autoregressive decoding without global planning, often leading to locally coherent yet globally suboptimal solutions (e.g., failing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhihao Dou , Qinjian Zhao , Zhongwei Wan , Xiaoyu Xia , Sumon Biswas

We present a multi-agent decision-making framework for the emergent coordination of autonomous agents whose intents are initially undecided. Dynamic non-cooperative games have been used to encode multi-agent interaction, but ambiguity…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-07 Haimin Hu , Kensuke Nakamura , Kai-Chieh Hsu , Naomi Ehrich Leonard , Jaime Fernández Fisac

In cooperative multi-agent robotic systems, coordination is necessary in order to complete a given task. Important examples include search and rescue, operations in hazardous environments, and environmental monitoring. Coordination, in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Andrea Carron , Danilo Saccani , Lorenzo Fagiano , Melanie N. Zeilinger

Current approaches to AI agent orchestration typically involve building multi-agent frameworks that manage context passing, memory, error handling, and step coordination through code. These frameworks work well for complex, concurrent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Jake Van Clief , David McDermott

Recent breakthroughs in large language model-driven autonomous agents have revealed that multi-agent collaboration often surpasses each individual through collective reasoning. Inspired by the neural scaling law--increasing neurons enhances…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Chen Qian , Zihao Xie , YiFei Wang , Wei Liu , Kunlun Zhu , Hanchen Xia , Yufan Dang , Zhuoyun Du , Weize Chen , Cheng Yang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun