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Multi-agent systems built on large language models (LLMs) are expected to enhance decision-making by pooling distributed information, yet systematically evaluating this capability has remained challenging. We introduce HiddenBench, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yuxuan Li , Aoi Naito , Hirokazu Shirado

Hybrid Language Models (HLMs) combine the low-latency efficiency of Small Language Models (SLMs) on edge devices with the high accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs) on centralized servers. Unlike traditional end-to-end LLM inference,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Faranaksadat Solat , Joohyung Lee , Mohamed Seif , Dusit Niyato , H. Vincent Poor

While training large language models (LLMs) from scratch can generate models with distinct functionalities and strengths, it comes at significant costs and may result in redundant capabilities. Alternatively, a cost-effective and compelling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Fanqi Wan , Xinting Huang , Deng Cai , Xiaojun Quan , Wei Bi , Shuming Shi

Deep neural networks have shown the ability to extract universal feature representations from data such as images and text that have been useful for a variety of learning tasks. However, the fruits of representation learning have yet to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Liam Collins , Hamed Hassani , Aryan Mokhtari , Sanjay Shakkottai

Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) into complex software systems enables the generation of human-understandable explanations of opaque AI processes, such as automated task planning. However, the quality and reliability of these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Gricel Vázquez , Alexandros Evangelidis , Sepeedeh Shahbeigi , Radu Calinescu , Simos Gerasimou

Federated Learning(FL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning paradigm where a global model is trained in-situ across a large number of distributed edge devices. These systems are often comprised of millions of user devices and only a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Yuanli Wang , Lei Huang

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning approach that enables the creation of shared models for powerful applications while allowing data to remain on devices. This approach provides benefits such as improved data privacy, security,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Jieming Bian , Cong Shen , Jie Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) promise to accelerate discovery by reasoning across the expanding scientific landscape. Yet, the challenge is no longer access to information but connecting it in meaningful, domain-spanning ways. In materials…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Isabella A. Stewart , Tarjei Paule Hage , Yu-Chuan Hsu , Markus J. Buehler

Previous research has shown that humans are more receptive towards language models that that exhibit empathetic behavior. While empathy is essential for developing helpful dialogue agents, very few large corpora containing empathetic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Run Chen , Jun Shin , Julia Hirschberg

Asynchronous learning protocols have regained attention lately, especially in the Federated Learning (FL) setup, where slower clients can severely impede the learning process. Herein, we propose \texttt{AsyncDrop}, a novel asynchronous FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Chen Dun , Mirian Hipolito , Chris Jermaine , Dimitrios Dimitriadis , Anastasios Kyrillidis

A novel federated learning training framework for heterogeneous environments is presented, taking into account the diverse network speeds of clients in realistic settings. This framework integrates asynchronous learning algorithms and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Chengjie Ma

Federated learning enables many local devices to train a deep learning model jointly without sharing the local data. Currently, most of federated training schemes learns a global model by averaging the parameters of local models. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Zhenwei Dai , Chen Dun , Yuxin Tang , Anastasios Kyrillidis , Anshumali Shrivastava

Tool-using agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in tasks such as mathematical reasoning and multi-hop question answering. However, in long trajectories, agents often trigger excessive and low-quality tool calls, increasing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Zeping Li , Hongru Wang , Yiwen Zhao , Guanhua Chen , Yixia Li , Keyang Chen , Yixin Cao , Guangnan Ye , Hongfeng Chai , Zhenfei Yin

While deep learning has led to remarkable advances across diverse applications, it struggles in domains where the data distribution changes over the course of learning. In stark contrast, biological neural networks continually adapt to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-14 Friedemann Zenke , Ben Poole , Surya Ganguli

Federated machine learning is a versatile and flexible tool to utilize distributed data from different sources, especially when communication technology develops rapidly and an unprecedented amount of data could be collected on mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Tianyi Zhang , Shirui Zhang , Ziwei Chen , Dianbo Liu

Federated learning (FL) refers to a distributed machine learning framework involving learning from several decentralized edge clients without sharing local dataset. This distributed strategy prevents data leakage and enables on-device…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Taki Hasan Rafi , Faiza Anan Noor , Tahmid Hussain , Dong-Kyu Chae , Zhaohui Yang

Collective intelligence among gig workers yields considerable advantages, including improved information exchange, deeper social bonds, and stronger advocacy for better labor conditions. Especially as it enables workers to collaboratively…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Kashif Imteyaz , Claudia Flores-Saviaga , Saiph Savage

The analysis and mining of user heterogeneous behavior are of paramount importance in recommendation systems. However, the conventional approach of incorporating various types of heterogeneous behavior into recommendation models leads to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Bin Yin , Junjie Xie , Yu Qin , Zixiang Ding , Zhichao Feng , Xiang Li , Wei Lin

Federated reinforcement learning (FedRL) enables multiple agents to collaboratively learn a policy without sharing their local trajectories collected during agent-environment interactions. However, in practice, the environments faced by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Guojun Xiong , Shufan Wang , Daniel Jiang , Jian Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art accuracies in a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, this success comes at the cost of increased model sizes which leads to additional computational burden.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shrihari Sridharan , Sourjya Roy , Anand Raghunathan , Kaushik Roy