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The $\delta N$ formalism provides a powerful non-perturbative framework for following the evolution of primordial curvature perturbations on super-horizon scales. However, its standard implementation relies on the separate universe…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-31 S. Mohammad Ahmadi

Precise understanding of nonlinear evolution of cosmological perturbations during inflation is necessary for the correct interpretation of measurements of non-Gaussian correlations in the cosmic microwave background and the large-scale…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-30 Naonori S. Sugiyama , Eiichiro Komatsu , Toshifumi Futamase

We develop a theory of nonlinear cosmological perturbations on superhorizon scales for a single scalar field with a general kinetic term and a general form of the potential. We employ the ADM formalism and the spatial gradient expansion…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-06-24 Yu-ichi Takamizu , Shinji Mukohyama , Misao Sasaki , Yoshiharu Tanaka

The $\delta N$ formalism is a powerful approach to compute non-linearly the large-scale evolution of the comoving curvature perturbation $\zeta$. It assumes a set of FLRW patches that evolve independently, but in doing so, all the gradient…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-05 Danilo Artigas , Shi Pi , Takahiro Tanaka

We develop a theory of nonlinear cosmological perturbations on superhorizon scales for a multi-component scalar field with a general kinetic term and a general form of the potential in the context of inflationary cosmology. We employ the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-10-25 Atsushi Naruko , Yu-ichi Takamizu , Misao Sasaki

The $\Delta N$ formalism, based on the counting of the number of e-folds during inflation in different local patches of the Universe, has been introduced several years ago as a simple and physically intuitive approach to calculate…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-04-17 Sabino Matarrese , Luigi Pilo , Rocco Rollo

We compute the super-Hubble evolution of non-Gaussianity of primordial curvature perturbations in two-field inflation models by employing two formalisms: delta N and covariant formalisms. Although two formalisms treat the evolution of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-05-30 Yuki Watanabe

A $\delta N$ formalism is used to study the non-Gaussianity of the primordial curvature perturbation on an uniform density hypersurfaces generated by the warm inflation for the first time. After introducing the framework of the warm…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-04-01 Xiao-Min Zhang , Hong-Yang Ma , Peng-Cheng Chu , Jun-Ting Liu , Jian-Yang Zhu

We develop a theory of nonlinear cosmological perturbations on superhorizon scales where a characteristic length scale of perturbations is longer than the Hubble radius, in general theoretical frameworks. Our formalism is based on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-04-24 Yu-ichi Takamizu

The $\delta N$ formalism has been the major computational tool to study the superhorizon evolution of the scalar type perturbation sourced by scalar fields. Recently, this formalism was generalized to compute an arbitrary scalar, vector,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-30 Takahiro Tanaka , Yuko Urakawa

We apply the gradient expansion approximation to the light-cone gauge, obtaining a separate universe picture at non-linear order in perturbation theory within this framework. Thereafter, we use it to generalize the $\delta N$ formalism in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-07 Giuseppe Fanizza , Giovanni Marozzi , Matheus Medeiros

Using the \delta N formalism we consider the non-linear curvature perturbation in multi-field models of inflation with non-minimal coupling. In particular, we focus on the relation between the \delta N formalism as applied in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-09-25 Jonathan White , Masato Minamitsuji , Misao Sasaki

We discuss generation of non-Gaussianity in density perturbation through the super-horizon evolution during inflation by using the so-called $\delta N$ formalism. We first provide a general formula for the non-linearity parameter generated…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Takahiro Tanaka , Teruaki Suyama , Shuichiro Yokoyama

The delta-N formalism is considered to calculate the evolution of the curvature perturbation in generalized multi-field inflation models. The result is consistent with the usual calculation of the standard kinetic term. For the calculation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-23 Tomohiro Matsuda

We extend the formalism to calculate non-Gaussianity of primordial curvature perturbations produced by preheating in the presence of a light scalar field. The calculation is carried out in the separate universe approximation using the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-31 Pulkit S. Ghoderao , Arttu Rajantie

Focusing on the local type primordial non-Gaussianities, we study the bispectrum and trispectrum during a non-minimal slow-roll inflation. We use the so-called $\delta N$ formalism to investigate the super-horizon evolution of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-28 Kosar Asadi , Kourosh Nozari

We clarify the behavior of curvature perturbations in a nonlinear theory in case the inflaton temporarily stops during inflation. We focus on the evolution of curvature perturbation on superhorizon scales by adopting the spatial gradient…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-18 Yu-ichi Takamizu , Jun'ichi Yokoyama

In this paper I provide a general framework based on $\delta N$ formalism to study the features of unavoidable higher dimensional non-renormalizable K\"ahler operators for ${\cal N}=1$ supergravity (SUGRA) during primordial inflation from…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-04-17 Sayantan Choudhury

We explicitly show the fully non-linear equivalence of the $\delta$N and the covariant formalisms for the superhorizon curvature perturbations, which enables us to safely evaluate the non-Gaussian quantities of the curvature perturbation in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Teruaki Suyama , Yuki Watanabe , Masahide Yamaguchi

We consider the superpotential formalism to describe the evolution of scalar fields during inflation, generalizing it to include the case with non-canonical kinetic terms. We provide a characterization of the attractor behaviour of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-02-24 Jaume Garriga , Yuko Urakawa , Filippo Vernizzi
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