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Neural operators have emerged as promising surrogate models for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), but struggle to generalise beyond training distributions and are often constrained to a fixed temporal discretisation. This work…

Recent advances in scientific machine learning (SciML) have enabled neural operators (NOs) to serve as powerful surrogates for modeling the dynamic evolution of physical systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Siying Ma , Mehrdad M. Zadeh , Mauricio Soroco , Wuyang Chen , Jiguo Cao , Vijay Ganesh

Pretraining for partial differential equation (PDE) modeling has recently shown promise in scaling neural operators across datasets to improve generalizability and performance. Despite these advances, our understanding of how pretraining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Anthony Zhou , Cooper Lorsung , AmirPouya Hemmasian , Amir Barati Farimani

Learning solution operators for partial differential equations (PDEs) has become a foundational task in scientific machine learning. However, existing neural operator methods require abundant training data for each specific PDE and lack the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yile Li , Shandian Zhe

Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) efficiently and accurately remains a cornerstone challenge in science and engineering, especially for problems involving complex geometries and limited labeled data. We introduce a Physics- and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Subhankar Sarkar , Souvik Chakraborty

In scientific and engineering applications, solving partial differential equations (PDEs) across various parameters and domains normally relies on resource-intensive numerical methods. Neural operators based on deep learning offered a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Zhiwei Zhao , Changqing Liu , Yingguang Li , Zhibin Chen , Xu Liu

Neural operators have become increasingly popular in solving \textit{partial differential equations} (PDEs) due to their superior capability to capture intricate mappings between function spaces over complex domains. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Jianing Huang , Kaixuan Zhang , Youjia Wu , Ze Cheng

Nonlinear PDE solvers require fine space-time discretizations and local linearizations, leading to high memory cost and slow runtimes. Neural operators such as FNOs and DeepONets offer fast single-shot inference by learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Yifei Sun

In computational physics, a longstanding challenge lies in finding numerical solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs). Recently, research attention has increasingly focused on Neural Operator methods, which are notable for their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yichen Song , Yalun Wu , Yunbo Wang , Xiaokang Yang

Learning the mapping between two function spaces has garnered considerable research attention. However, learning the solution operator of partial differential equations (PDEs) remains a challenge in scientific computing. Fourier neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Jin Young Shin , Jae Yong Lee , Hyung Ju Hwang

We propose a novel fine-tuning method to achieve multi-operator learning through training a distributed neural operator with diverse function data and then zero-shot fine-tuning the neural network using physics-informed losses for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zecheng Zhang , Christian Moya , Lu Lu , Guang Lin , Hayden Schaeffer

Neural operators (NOs) provide a new paradigm for efficiently solving partial differential equations (PDEs), but their training depends on costly high-fidelity data from numerical solvers, limiting applications in complex systems. We…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Wen You , Shaoqian Zhou , Xuhui Meng

Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) is a required step in the simulation of natural and engineering systems. The associated computational costs significantly increase when exploring various scenarios, such as changes in initial or…

Neural operators have emerged as fast surrogate solvers for parametric partial differential equations (PDEs). However, purely data-driven models often require extensive training data and can generalize poorly, especially in small-data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Heechang Kim , Qianying Cao , Hyomin Shin , Seungchul Lee , George Em Karniadakis , Minseok Choi

Neural PDE solvers are increasingly used as learned surrogates for families of partial differential equations, where the key machine learning challenge is not only interpolation on a fixed benchmark distribution but generalization under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lennon Shikhman

The generalization of neural networks is a central challenge in machine learning, especially concerning the performance under distributions that differ from training ones. Current methods, mainly based on the data-driven paradigm such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Yige Yuan , Bingbing Xu , Bo Lin , Liang Hou , Fei Sun , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Neural operators learn to map initial conditions to the terminal solution of partial differential equations (PDEs), providing a surrogate for the full operator mapping. This enables rapid prediction across different input configurations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Runlong Xie , An Luo

Recent years have witnessed the promise of coupling machine learning methods and physical domain-specific insights for solving scientific problems based on partial differential equations (PDEs). However, being data-intensive, these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Wuyang Chen , Jialin Song , Pu Ren , Shashank Subramanian , Dmitriy Morozov , Michael W. Mahoney

Neural Operators (NOs) are machine learning models designed to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by learning to map between function spaces. Neural Operators such as the Deep Operator Network (DeepONet) and the Fourier Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 W. Diab , M. Al-Kobaisi

Neural networks have shown great potential in accelerating the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs). Recently, there has been a growing interest in introducing physics constraints into training neural PDE solvers to reduce the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Xinquan Huang , Wenlei Shi , Qi Meng , Yue Wang , Xiaotian Gao , Jia Zhang , Tie-Yan Liu
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