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Continuous normalizing flows (CNFs) learn an ordinary differential equation to transform prior samples into data. Flow matching (FM) has recently emerged as a simulation-free approach for training CNFs by regressing a velocity model towards…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-28 Tianyu Xie , Yu Zhu , Longlin Yu , Tong Yang , Ziheng Cheng , Shiyue Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang , Cheng Zhang

We provide a theoretical analysis for end-to-end training Discrete Flow Matching (DFM) generative models. DFM is a promising discrete generative modeling framework that learns the underlying generative dynamics by training a neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Maojiang Su , Mingcheng Lu , Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Shang Wu , Zhao Song , Alex Reneau , Han Liu

Classifier-free guidance is a key component for enhancing the performance of conditional generative models across diverse tasks. While it has previously demonstrated remarkable improvements for the sample quality, it has only been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Qinqing Zheng , Matt Le , Neta Shaul , Yaron Lipman , Aditya Grover , Ricky T. Q. Chen

While generative modeling has achieved remarkable success on tasks like natural language-conditioned image generation, enabling model adaptation from example data points remains a relatively underexplored and challenging problem. To this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Tyler Ingebrand , Ruihan Zhao , Kushagra Gupta , David Fridovich-Keil , Sandeep P. Chinchali , Ufuk Topcu

Standard flow matching scales well but typically relies on an unstructured source distribution, limiting its ability to learn interpretable latent structure. Latent-variable models, by contrast, capture structure but often sacrifice…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xavier Sumba , Carles Balsells-Rodas , Yingzhen Li

We propose Functional Flow Matching (FFM), a function-space generative model that generalizes the recently-introduced Flow Matching model to operate in infinite-dimensional spaces. Our approach works by first defining a path of probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Gavin Kerrigan , Giosue Migliorini , Padhraic Smyth

Flow Matching is a powerful framework for learning transport maps between probability distributions. Yet its standard single-parameter formulation is not designed to capture multi-parameter variations where the resulting transport should be…

Flow matching (FM) is a general framework for defining probability paths via Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) to transform between noise and data samples. Recent approaches attempt to straighten these flow trajectories to generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Ling Yang , Zixiang Zhang , Zhilong Zhang , Xingchao Liu , Minkai Xu , Wentao Zhang , Chenlin Meng , Stefano Ermon , Bin Cui

Conditional Flow Matching (CFM) models can generate high-quality samples from a non-informative prior, but they can be slow, often needing hundreds of network evaluations (NFE). To address this, we propose Implicit Dynamical Flow Fusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Mohammad R. Rezaei , Milos R. Popovic , Milad Lankarany , Rahul G. Krishnan

Inverse design aims to find design parameters $x$ achieving target performance $y^*$. Generative approaches learn bidirectional mappings between designs and labels, enabling diverse solution sampling. However, standard conditional flow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Miguel de Campos , Werner Krebs , Hanno Gottschalk

Deep generative models have recently been applied to physical systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs), offering scalable simulation and uncertainty-aware inference. However, enforcing physical constraints, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Utkarsh Utkarsh , Pengfei Cai , Alan Edelman , Rafael Gomez-Bombarelli , Christopher Vincent Rackauckas

Boltzmann Generators have emerged as a promising machine learning tool for generating samples from equilibrium distributions of molecular systems using Normalizing Flows and importance weighting. Recently, Flow Matching has helped speed up…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-21 Lorenz Vaitl , Leon Klein

Continuous diffusion and flow matching models could represent a powerful alternative to autoregressive approaches for language modelling (LM), as they unlock a host of advantages currently reserved for continuous modalities, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Oscar Davis , Anastasiia Filippova , Pierre Ablin , Victor Turrisi , Amitis Shidani , Marco Cuturi , Louis Béthune

Unconditional flow-matching trains diffusion models to transport samples from a source distribution to a target distribution by enforcing that the flows between sample pairs are unique. However, in conditional settings (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 George Stoica , Vivek Ramanujan , Xiang Fan , Ali Farhadi , Ranjay Krishna , Judy Hoffman

Flow matching casts sample generation as learning a continuous-time velocity field that transports noise to data. Existing flow matching networks typically predict each point's velocity independently, considering only its location and time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Md Shahriar Rahim Siddiqui , Moshe Eliasof , Eldad Haber

Recent efforts have extended the flow-matching framework to discrete generative modeling. One strand of models directly works with the continuous probabilities instead of discrete tokens, which we colloquially refer to as Continuous-State…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Chaoran Cheng , Jiahan Li , Jiajun Fan , Ge Liu

Current discriminative depth estimation methods often produce blurry artifacts, while generative approaches suffer from slow sampling due to curvatures in the noise-to-depth transport. Our method addresses these challenges by framing depth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Ming Gui , Johannes Schusterbauer , Ulrich Prestel , Pingchuan Ma , Dmytro Kotovenko , Olga Grebenkova , Stefan Andreas Baumann , Vincent Tao Hu , Björn Ommer

Flow matching has recently emerged as a promising alternative to diffusion-based generative models, offering faster sampling and simpler training by learning continuous flows governed by ordinary differential equations. Despite growing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mudit Gaur , Prashant Trivedi , Shuchin Aeron , Amrit Singh Bedi , George K. Atia , Vaneet Aggarwal

Flow matching (FM) trains a time-dependent vector field that transports samples from a simple prior to a complex data distribution. However, for high-dimensional images, each training sample supervises only a single trajectory and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 George Stoica , Sayak Paul , Matthew Wallingford , Vivek Ramanujan , Abhay Nori , Winson Han , Ali Farhadi , Ranjay Krishna , Judy Hoffman

Granular flows govern many natural and industrial processes, yet their interior kinematics and mechanics remain largely unobservable, as experiments access only boundaries or free surfaces. Conventional numerical simulations are…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xuyang Li , Rui Li , Teng Man , Yimin Lu