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Accurate information retrieval (IR) is critical in the financial domain, where investors must identify relevant information from large collections of documents. Traditional IR methods -- whether sparse or dense -- often fall short in…

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) like o3 and DeepSeek-R1 have achieved remarkable progress in reasoning tasks with long cot. However, they remain computationally inefficient and struggle with accuracy when solving problems requiring complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Haipeng Luo , Huawen Feng , Qingfeng Sun , Can Xu , Kai Zheng , Yufei Wang , Tao Yang , Han Hu , Yansong Tang

Effectively retrieving, reasoning, and understanding multimodal information remains a critical challenge for agentic systems. Traditional Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) methods rely on linear interaction histories, which struggle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Qiuchen Wang , Shihang Wang , Yu Zeng , Qiang Zhang , Fanrui Zhang , Zhuoning Guo , Bosi Zhang , Wenxuan Huang , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Pengjun Xie , Ruixue Ding

Recent advancements in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have enabled Large Language Models to answer financial questions using external knowledge bases of U.S. SEC filings, earnings reports, and regulatory documents. However, existing…

Large reasoning models (LRMs), such as OpenAI-o1 and DeepSeek-R1, demonstrate impressive long-horizon reasoning capabilities. However, their reliance on static internal knowledge limits their performance on complex, knowledge-intensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xiaoxi Li , Jiajie Jin , Guanting Dong , Hongjin Qian , Yongkang Wu , Ji-Rong Wen , Yutao Zhu , Zhicheng Dou

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) exhibit remarkable reasoning abilities but rely primarily on parametric knowledge, limiting factual accuracy. While recent works equip reinforcement learning (RL)-based LRMs with retrieval capabilities, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhicheng Lee , Shulin Cao , Jinxin Liu , Jiajie Zhang , Weichuan Liu , Xiaoyin Che , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance in numerous tasks but still heavily rely on knowledge stored in their parameters. Moreover, updating this knowledge incurs high training costs. Retrieval-augmented generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yanming Liu , Xinyue Peng , Xuhong Zhang , Weihao Liu , Jianwei Yin , Jiannan Cao , Tianyu Du

Agentic retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems enable large language models (LLMs) to solve complex tasks through multi-step interaction with external retrieval tools. However, such multi-step interaction often involves redundant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jingbo Sun , Wenyue Chong , Songjun Tu , Qichao Zhang , Yaocheng Zhang , Jiajun Chai , Xiaohan Wang , Wei Lin , Guojun Yin , Dongbin Zhao

Despite the success of reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) in aligning language models with human values, reward hacking, also termed reward overoptimization, remains a critical challenge. This issue primarily arises from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Yuchun Miao , Sen Zhang , Liang Ding , Rong Bao , Lefei Zhang , Dacheng Tao

Recent advancements in large language models, multimodal large language models, and large audio language models (LALMs) have significantly improved their reasoning capabilities through reinforcement learning with rule-based rewards.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Shu Wu , Chenxing Li , Wenfu Wang , Hao Zhang , Hualei Wang , Meng Yu , Dong Yu

Recent advances in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) for Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning have been hindered by a persistent challenge: exploration collapse. The semantic homogeneity of random rollouts often traps…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Huilin Deng , Hongchen Luo , Yue Zhu , Long Li , Zhuoyue Chen , Xinghao Zhao , Ming Li , Jihai Zhang , Mengchang Wang , Yang Cao , Yu Kang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities, while their practical applications are limited by severe factual hallucinations due to limitations in the timeliness, accuracy, and comprehensiveness of their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Xinyan Guan , Jiali Zeng , Fandong Meng , Chunlei Xin , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Jie Zhou

Explanations for AI models in high-stakes domains like medicine often lack verifiability, which can hinder trust. To address this, we propose an interactive agent that produces explanations through an auditable sequence of actions. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yuhang Huang , Zekai Lin , Fan Zhong , Lei Liu

The outstanding capabilities of large language models (LLMs) render them a crucial component in various autonomous agent systems. While traditional methods depend on the inherent knowledge of LLMs without fine-tuning, more recent approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Zhirui Deng , Zhicheng Dou , Yutao Zhu , Ji-Rong Wen , Ruibin Xiong , Mang Wang , Weipeng Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit high reasoning capacity in medical question-answering, but their tendency to produce hallucinations and outdated knowledge poses critical risks in healthcare fields. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Wenhao Wu , Zhentao Tang , Yafu Li , Shixiong Kai , Mingxuan Yuan , Chunlin Chen , Zhi Wang

Through reinforcement learning (RL) with outcome correctness rewards, large reasoning models (LRMs) with scaled inference computation have demonstrated substantial success on complex reasoning tasks. However, the one-sided reward, focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Jiashu Yao , Heyan Huang , Shuang Zeng , Chuwei Luo , WangJie You , Jie Tang , Qingsong Liu , Yuhang Guo , Yangyang Kang

Human reasoning is shaped by resource rationality -- optimizing performance under constraints. Recently, inference-time scaling has emerged as a powerful paradigm to improve the reasoning performance of Large Language Models by expanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Zhimin Hu , Riya Roshan , Sashank Varma

Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a new paradigm where the reasoning model decides when to invoke a retriever (as a "tool") when answering a question. This paradigm, exemplified by recent research works such as Search-R1,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Fangzheng Tian , Jinyuan Fang , Debasis Ganguly , Zaiqiao Meng , Craig Macdonald

Large language models are powerful text processors and reasoners, but are still subject to limitations including outdated knowledge and hallucinations, which necessitates connecting them to the world. Retrieval-augmented large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Zhihong Shao , Yeyun Gong , Yelong Shen , Minlie Huang , Nan Duan , Weizhu Chen

Recent studies increasingly explore Large Language Models (LLMs) as a new paradigm for recommendation systems due to their scalability and world knowledge. However, existing work has three key limitations: (1) most efforts focus on…