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The constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) involves deciding, given a set of variables and a set of constraints on the variables, whether or not there is an assignment to the variables satisfying all of the constraints. One formulation of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-01-09 Hubie Chen , Benoit Larose

One of the central open problems to classify the computational complexity of finite-domain constraint satisfaction problems within P is to prove better algorithmic results for CSPs with a Maltsev polymorphism; we do not even know whether…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Manuel Bodirsky , Andrew Moorhead

A classic result due to Schaefer (1978) classifies all constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) over the Boolean domain as being either in $\mathsf{P}$ or $\mathsf{NP}$-hard. This paper considers a promise-problem variant of CSPs called…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Joshua Brakensiek , Venkatesan Guruswami

What makes a computational problem easy (e.g., in P, that is, solvable in polynomial time) or hard (e.g., NP-hard)? This fundamental question now has a satisfactory answer for a quite broad class of computational problems, so called…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Libor Barto

In the field of constraint satisfaction problems (CSP), promise CSPs are an exciting new direction of study. In a promise CSP, each constraint comes in two forms: "strict" and "weak," and in the associated decision problem one must…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Joshua Brakensiek , Venkatesan Guruswami , Marcin Wrochna , Stanislav Živný

Promise CSPs are a relaxation of constraint satisfaction problems where the goal is to find an assignment satisfying a relaxed version of the constraints. Several well-known problems can be cast as promise CSPs including approximate graph…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-07-16 Joshua Brakensiek , Venkatesan Guruswami

The logic MMSNP is a well-studied fragment of Existential Second-Order logic that, from a computational perspective, captures finite-domain Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) modulo polynomial-time reductions. At the same time, MMSNP…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Demian Banakh , Alexey Barsukov , Tamio-Vesa Nakajima

We initiate a systematic study of the computational complexity of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) over finite structures that may contain both relations and operations. We show the close connection between this problem and a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Libor Barto , William DeMeo , Antoine Mottet

In pursuit of a deeper understanding of Boolean Promise Constraint Satisfaction Problems (PCSPs), we identify a class of problems with restricted structural complexity, which could serve as a promising candidate for complete…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Katzper Michno

The Promise Constraint Satisfaction Problem (PCSP for short) is a generalization of the well-studied Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). The PCSP has its roots in such classic problems as the Approximate Graph Coloring and the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Arash Beikmohammadi , Andrei A. Bulatov

The Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) is a problem of computing a homomorphism $\mathbf{R}\to \mathbf{\Gamma}$ between two relational structures, where $\mathbf{R}$ is defined over a domain $V$ and $\mathbf{\Gamma}$ is defined over a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Rustem Takhanov

We produce a class of $\omega$-categorical structures with finite signature by applying a model-theoretic construction -- a refinement of the Hrushosvki-encoding -- to $\omega$-categorical structures in a possibly infinite signature. We…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Pierre Gillibert , Julius Jonušas , Michael Kompatscher , Antoine Mottet , Michael Pinsker

The complexity and approximability of the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) has been actively studied over the last 20 years. A new version of the CSP, the promise CSP (PCSP) has recently been proposed, motivated by open questions about…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Libor Barto , Jakub Bulín , Andrei Krokhin , Jakub Opršal

Given a satisfiable instance of 1-in-3 SAT, it is NP-hard to find a satisfying assignment for it, but it may be possible to efficiently find a solution subject to a weaker (not necessarily Boolean) predicate than `1-in-3'. There is a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Andrei Krokhin , Danny Vagnozzi

The algebraic dichotomy conjecture for Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) of reducts of (infinite) finitely bounded homogeneous structures states that such CSPs are polynomial-time tractable when the model-complete core of the template…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Manuel Bodirsky , Antoine Mottet , Miroslav Olšák , Jakub Opršal , Michael Pinsker , Ross Willard

The so-called algebraic approach to the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) has been a prevalent method of the study of complexity of these problems since early 2000's. The core of this approach is the notion of polymorphisms which…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Maximilian Hadek , Tomáš Jakl , Jakub Opršal

The CSP (constraint satisfaction problems) is a class of problems deciding whether there exists a homomorphism from an instance relational structure to a target one. The CSP dichotomy is a profound result recently proved by Zhuk (2020, J.…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-01-13 Azza Gaysin

We prove that when a digraph $G$ has a Maltsev polymorphism, then $G$ also has a majority polymorphism. We consider the consequences of this result for the structure of Maltsev graphs and the complexity of the Constraint Satisfaction…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-09-20 Alexandr Kazda

The algebraic dichotomy conjecture for Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) of reducts of (infinite) finitely bounded homogeneous structures states that such CSPs are polynomial-time tractable if the model-complete core of the template…

Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs, for short) make up a class of problems with applications in many areas of computer science. The first classification of these problems was given by Schaeffer who showed that every CSP over the domain…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Dejan Delic , John Marcoux
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