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Agent benchmarks have become the de facto measure of frontier AI competence, guiding model selection, investment, and deployment. However, reward hacking, where agents maximize a score without performing the intended task, emerges…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hao Wang , Hanchen Li , Qiuyang Mang , Alvin Cheung , Koushik Sen , Dawn Song

Achieving human-AI alignment in complex multi-agent games is crucial for creating trustworthy AI agents that enhance gameplay. We propose a method to evaluate this alignment using an interpretable task-sets framework, focusing on high-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Sugandha Sharma , Guy Davidson , Khimya Khetarpal , Anssi Kanervisto , Udit Arora , Katja Hofmann , Ida Momennejad

Evaluating AI agents within complex, interactive environments that mirror real-world challenges is critical for understanding their practical capabilities. While existing agent benchmarks effectively assess skills like tool use or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Long Phan , Mantas Mazeika , Andy Zou , Dan Hendrycks

Recently, there have been several high-profile achievements of agents learning to play games against humans and beat them. In this paper, we study the problem of training intelligent agents in service of game development. Unlike the agents…

Software is one of the most powerful tools that we humans have at our disposal; it allows a skilled programmer to interact with the world in complex and profound ways. At the same time, thanks to improvements in large language models…

Games have been the perfect test-beds for artificial intelligence research for the characteristics that widely exist in real-world scenarios. Learning and optimisation, decision making in dynamic and uncertain environments, game theory,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Chengpeng Hu , Yunlong Zhao , Ziqi Wang , Haocheng Du , Jialin Liu

We introduce GVGAI-LLM, a video game benchmark for evaluating the reasoning and problem-solving capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Built on the General Video Game AI framework, it features a diverse collection of arcade-style…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yuchen Li , Cong Lin , Muhammad Umair Nasir , Philip Bontrager , Jialin Liu , Julian Togelius

We propose that future AI transparency and accountability regulations are based on an open global standard for exchanging information about AI systems, which allows co-existence of potentially conflicting local regulations. Then, we discuss…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Warren Buckley , Adrian Byrne , Nicholas Perello , Cyrus Cousins , Taha Yasseri , Yair Zick , Przemyslaw Grabowicz

Automating AI research holds immense potential for accelerating scientific progress, yet current AI agents struggle with the complexities of rigorous, end-to-end experimentation. We introduce EXP-Bench, a novel benchmark designed to…

Deep reinforcement learning has generated superhuman AI in competitive games such as Go and StarCraft. Can similar learning techniques create a superior AI teammate for human-machine collaborative games? Will humans prefer AI teammates that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Ho Chit Siu , Jaime D. Pena , Edenna Chen , Yutai Zhou , Victor J. Lopez , Kyle Palko , Kimberlee C. Chang , Ross E. Allen

The game industry is challenged to cope with increasing growth in demand and game complexity while maintaining acceptable quality standards for released games. Classic approaches solely depending on human efforts for quality assurance and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Sherif Abdelfattah , Adrian Brown , Pushi Zhang

In this unprecedented era of technology-driven transformation, it becomes more critical than ever that we aggressively invest in developing robust artificial intelligence (AI) for wargaming in support of decision-making. By advancing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Scotty Black , Christian Darken

Autonomous agents have recently achieved remarkable progress across diverse domains, yet most evaluations focus on short-horizon, fully observable tasks. In contrast, many critical real-world tasks, such as large-scale software development,…

Explainability is important for the transparency of autonomous and intelligent systems and for helping to support the development of appropriate levels of trust. There has been considerable work on developing approaches for explaining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Michael Winikoff , John Thangarajah , Sebastian Rodriguez

Language models demonstrate both quantitative improvement and new qualitative capabilities with increasing scale. Despite their potentially transformative impact, these new capabilities are as yet poorly characterized. In order to inform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Aarohi Srivastava , Abhinav Rastogi , Abhishek Rao , Abu Awal Md Shoeb , Abubakar Abid , Adam Fisch , Adam R. Brown , Adam Santoro , Aditya Gupta , Adrià Garriga-Alonso , Agnieszka Kluska , Aitor Lewkowycz , Akshat Agarwal , Alethea Power , Alex Ray , Alex Warstadt , Alexander W. Kocurek , Ali Safaya , Ali Tazarv , Alice Xiang , Alicia Parrish , Allen Nie , Aman Hussain , Amanda Askell , Amanda Dsouza , Ambrose Slone , Ameet Rahane , Anantharaman S. Iyer , Anders Andreassen , Andrea Madotto , Andrea Santilli , Andreas Stuhlmüller , Andrew Dai , Andrew La , Andrew Lampinen , Andy Zou , Angela Jiang , Angelica Chen , Anh Vuong , Animesh Gupta , Anna Gottardi , Antonio Norelli , Anu Venkatesh , Arash Gholamidavoodi , Arfa Tabassum , Arul Menezes , Arun Kirubarajan , Asher Mullokandov , Ashish Sabharwal , Austin Herrick , Avia Efrat , Aykut Erdem , Ayla Karakaş , B. Ryan Roberts , Bao Sheng Loe , Barret Zoph , Bartłomiej Bojanowski , Batuhan Özyurt , Behnam Hedayatnia , Behnam Neyshabur , Benjamin Inden , Benno Stein , Berk Ekmekci , Bill Yuchen Lin , Blake Howald , Bryan Orinion , Cameron Diao , Cameron Dour , Catherine Stinson , Cedrick Argueta , César Ferri Ramírez , Chandan Singh , Charles Rathkopf , Chenlin Meng , Chitta Baral , Chiyu Wu , Chris Callison-Burch , Chris Waites , Christian Voigt , Christopher D. Manning , Christopher Potts , Cindy Ramirez , Clara E. Rivera , Clemencia Siro , Colin Raffel , Courtney Ashcraft , Cristina Garbacea , Damien Sileo , Dan Garrette , Dan Hendrycks , Dan Kilman , Dan Roth , Daniel Freeman , Daniel Khashabi , Daniel Levy , Daniel Moseguí González , Danielle Perszyk , Danny Hernandez , Danqi Chen , Daphne Ippolito , Dar Gilboa , David Dohan , David Drakard , David Jurgens , Debajyoti Datta , Deep Ganguli , Denis Emelin , Denis Kleyko , Deniz Yuret , Derek Chen , Derek Tam , Dieuwke Hupkes , Diganta Misra , Dilyar Buzan , Dimitri Coelho Mollo , Diyi Yang , Dong-Ho Lee , Dylan Schrader , Ekaterina Shutova , Ekin Dogus Cubuk , Elad Segal , Eleanor Hagerman , Elizabeth Barnes , Elizabeth Donoway , Ellie Pavlick , Emanuele Rodola , Emma Lam , Eric Chu , Eric Tang , Erkut Erdem , Ernie Chang , Ethan A. Chi , Ethan Dyer , Ethan Jerzak , Ethan Kim , Eunice Engefu Manyasi , Evgenii Zheltonozhskii , Fanyue Xia , Fatemeh Siar , Fernando Martínez-Plumed , Francesca Happé , Francois Chollet , Frieda Rong , Gaurav Mishra , Genta Indra Winata , Gerard de Melo , Germán Kruszewski , Giambattista Parascandolo , Giorgio Mariani , Gloria Wang , Gonzalo Jaimovitch-López , Gregor Betz , Guy Gur-Ari , Hana Galijasevic , Hannah Kim , Hannah Rashkin , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Harsh Mehta , Hayden Bogar , Henry Shevlin , Hinrich Schütze , Hiromu Yakura , Hongming Zhang , Hugh Mee Wong , Ian Ng , Isaac Noble , Jaap Jumelet , Jack Geissinger , Jackson Kernion , Jacob Hilton , Jaehoon Lee , Jaime Fernández Fisac , James B. Simon , James Koppel , James Zheng , James Zou , Jan Kocoń , Jana Thompson , Janelle Wingfield , Jared Kaplan , Jarema Radom , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein , Jason Phang , Jason Wei , Jason Yosinski , Jekaterina Novikova , Jelle Bosscher , Jennifer Marsh , Jeremy Kim , Jeroen Taal , Jesse Engel , Jesujoba Alabi , Jiacheng Xu , Jiaming Song , Jillian Tang , Joan Waweru , John Burden , John Miller , John U. Balis , Jonathan Batchelder , Jonathan Berant , Jörg Frohberg , Jos Rozen , Jose Hernandez-Orallo , Joseph Boudeman , Joseph Guerr , Joseph Jones , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Joshua S. Rule , Joyce Chua , Kamil Kanclerz , Karen Livescu , Karl Krauth , Karthik Gopalakrishnan , Katerina Ignatyeva , Katja Markert , Kaustubh D. Dhole , Kevin Gimpel , Kevin Omondi , Kory Mathewson , Kristen Chiafullo , Ksenia Shkaruta , Kumar Shridhar , Kyle McDonell , Kyle Richardson , Laria Reynolds , Leo Gao , Li Zhang , Liam Dugan , Lianhui Qin , Lidia Contreras-Ochando , Louis-Philippe Morency , Luca Moschella , Lucas Lam , Lucy Noble , Ludwig Schmidt , Luheng He , Luis Oliveros Colón , Luke Metz , Lütfi Kerem Şenel , Maarten Bosma , Maarten Sap , Maartje ter Hoeve , Maheen Farooqi , Manaal Faruqui , Mantas Mazeika , Marco Baturan , Marco Marelli , Marco Maru , Maria Jose Ramírez Quintana , Marie Tolkiehn , Mario Giulianelli , Martha Lewis , Martin Potthast , Matthew L. Leavitt , Matthias Hagen , Mátyás Schubert , Medina Orduna Baitemirova , Melody Arnaud , Melvin McElrath , Michael A. Yee , Michael Cohen , Michael Gu , Michael Ivanitskiy , Michael Starritt , Michael Strube , Michał Swędrowski , Michele Bevilacqua , Michihiro Yasunaga , Mihir Kale , Mike Cain , Mimee Xu , Mirac Suzgun , Mitch Walker , Mo Tiwari , Mohit Bansal , Moin Aminnaseri , Mor Geva , Mozhdeh Gheini , Mukund Varma T , Nanyun Peng , Nathan A. Chi , Nayeon Lee , Neta Gur-Ari Krakover , Nicholas Cameron , Nicholas Roberts , Nick Doiron , Nicole Martinez , Nikita Nangia , Niklas Deckers , Niklas Muennighoff , Nitish Shirish Keskar , Niveditha S. Iyer , Noah Constant , Noah Fiedel , Nuan Wen , Oliver Zhang , Omar Agha , Omar Elbaghdadi , Omer Levy , Owain Evans , Pablo Antonio Moreno Casares , Parth Doshi , Pascale Fung , Paul Pu Liang , Paul Vicol , Pegah Alipoormolabashi , Peiyuan Liao , Percy Liang , Peter Chang , Peter Eckersley , Phu Mon Htut , Pinyu Hwang , Piotr Miłkowski , Piyush Patil , Pouya Pezeshkpour , Priti Oli , Qiaozhu Mei , Qing Lyu , Qinlang Chen , Rabin Banjade , Rachel Etta Rudolph , Raefer Gabriel , Rahel Habacker , Ramon Risco , Raphaël Millière , Rhythm Garg , Richard Barnes , Rif A. Saurous , Riku Arakawa , Robbe Raymaekers , Robert Frank , Rohan Sikand , Roman Novak , Roman Sitelew , Ronan LeBras , Rosanne Liu , Rowan Jacobs , Rui Zhang , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Ryan Chi , Ryan Lee , Ryan Stovall , Ryan Teehan , Rylan Yang , Sahib Singh , Saif M. Mohammad , Sajant Anand , Sam Dillavou , Sam Shleifer , Sam Wiseman , Samuel Gruetter , Samuel R. Bowman , Samuel S. Schoenholz , Sanghyun Han , Sanjeev Kwatra , Sarah A. Rous , Sarik Ghazarian , Sayan Ghosh , Sean Casey , Sebastian Bischoff , Sebastian Gehrmann , Sebastian Schuster , Sepideh Sadeghi , Shadi Hamdan , Sharon Zhou , Shashank Srivastava , Sherry Shi , Shikhar Singh , Shima Asaadi , Shixiang Shane Gu , Shubh Pachchigar , Shubham Toshniwal , Shyam Upadhyay , Shyamolima , Debnath , Siamak Shakeri , Simon Thormeyer , Simone Melzi , Siva Reddy , Sneha Priscilla Makini , Soo-Hwan Lee , Spencer Torene , Sriharsha Hatwar , Stanislas Dehaene , Stefan Divic , Stefano Ermon , Stella Biderman , Stephanie Lin , Stephen Prasad , Steven T. Piantadosi , Stuart M. Shieber , Summer Misherghi , Svetlana Kiritchenko , Swaroop Mishra , Tal Linzen , Tal Schuster , Tao Li , Tao Yu , Tariq Ali , Tatsu Hashimoto , Te-Lin Wu , Théo Desbordes , Theodore Rothschild , Thomas Phan , Tianle Wang , Tiberius Nkinyili , Timo Schick , Timofei Kornev , Titus Tunduny , Tobias Gerstenberg , Trenton Chang , Trishala Neeraj , Tushar Khot , Tyler Shultz , Uri Shaham , Vedant Misra , Vera Demberg , Victoria Nyamai , Vikas Raunak , Vinay Ramasesh , Vinay Uday Prabhu , Vishakh Padmakumar , Vivek Srikumar , William Fedus , William Saunders , William Zhang , Wout Vossen , Xiang Ren , Xiaoyu Tong , Xinran Zhao , Xinyi Wu , Xudong Shen , Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh , Yair Lakretz , Yangqiu Song , Yasaman Bahri , Yejin Choi , Yichi Yang , Yiding Hao , Yifu Chen , Yonatan Belinkov , Yu Hou , Yufang Hou , Yuntao Bai , Zachary Seid , Zhuoye Zhao , Zijian Wang , Zijie J. Wang , Zirui Wang , Ziyi Wu

In games, as in and many other domains, design validation and testing is a huge challenge as systems are growing in size and manual testing is becoming infeasible. This paper proposes a new approach to automated game validation and testing.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Alessandro Sestini , Joakim Bergdahl , Konrad Tollmar , Andrew D. Bagdanov , Linus Gisslén

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has achieved great success in many domains, and game AI is widely regarded as its beachhead since the dawn of AI. In recent years, studies on game AI have gradually evolved from relatively simple environments…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Junjie Li , Sotetsu Koyamada , Qiwei Ye , Guoqing Liu , Chao Wang , Ruihan Yang , Li Zhao , Tao Qin , Tie-Yan Liu , Hsiao-Wuen Hon

Recent advancements in algorithms for sequential decision-making under imperfect information have shown remarkable success in large games such as limit- and no-limit poker. These algorithms traditionally formalize the games using the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Vojtěch Kovařík , David Milec , Michal Šustr , Dominik Seitz , Viliam Lisý

Contract bridge, a cooperative game characterized by imperfect information and multi-agent dynamics, poses significant challenges and serves as a critical benchmark in artificial intelligence (AI) research. Success in this domain requires…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Haruka Kita , Sotetsu Koyamada , Yotaro Yamaguchi , Shin Ishii

The rapid advancement of large language models has fundamentally shifted the bottleneck in AI development from computational power to data availability-with countless valuable datasets remaining hidden across specialized repositories,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Keyu Li , Mohan Jiang , Dayuan Fu , Yunze Wu , Xiangkun Hu , Dequan Wang , Pengfei Liu