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Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) combine quantum circuits with classical optimization to tackle problems that may benefit from the capabilities of near-term quantum hardware. In knowledge graph embedding, recent proposals based on this…

We present QSystem, an open-source platform for the simulation of quantum circuits focused on bitwise operations on a Hashmap data structure storing quantum states and gates. QSystem is implemented in C++ and delivered as a Python module,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-08 Evandro Chagas Ribeiro da Rosa , Bruno G. Taketani

Generic quantum-circuit simulation appears intractable for conventional computers and may be unnecessary because useful quantum circuits exhibit significant structure that can be exploited during simulation. For example, Gottesman and Knill…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-12-12 Héctor J. García , Igor L. Markov

Hybrid continuous-variable (CV)-discrete-variable (DV) quantum systems present a promising direction for quantum computing by combining the high dimensional encoding capabilities of qumodes with the control offered by DV qubits on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Shubdeep Mohapatra , Yuan Liu , Eddy Z. Zhang , Huiyang Zhou

We introduce CircuitQ, an open-source toolbox for the analysis of superconducting circuits implemented in Python. It features the automated construction of a symbolic Hamiltonian of the input circuit and a dynamic numerical representation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-29 Philipp Aumann , Tim Menke , William D. Oliver , Wolfgang Lechner

Virtual Lab by Quantum Flytrap explores novel ways to represent quantum phenomena interactively and intuitively. It is a no-code online laboratory with a real-time simulation of an optical table, supporting up to three entangled photons.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-24 Piotr Migdał , Klementyna Jankiewicz , Paweł Grabarz , Chiara Decaroli , Philippe Cochin

Quantum computing holds great promise for surpassing the limits of classical devices in many fields. Despite impressive developments, however, current research is primarily focused on qubits. At the same time, quantum hardware based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-07 Kevin Mato , Martin Ringbauer , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Quantum computing with discrete variable (DV, qubit) hardware is approaching the large scales necessary for computations beyond the reach of classical computers. However, important use cases such as quantum simulations of physical models…

We present a software tool-set which combines the theoretical, optimal control view of quantum devices with the practical operation and characterization tasks required for quantum computing. In the same framework, we perform model-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-11 Anurag Saha Roy , Kevin Pack , Nicolas Wittler , Shai Machnes

Existing graphical user interfaces for circuit simulators often show small visual summaries of the reduced state of each qubit, showing the probability, phase, purity, and/or Bloch sphere coordinates associated with each qubit. These…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Michael J. McGuffin , Jean-Marc Robert

Probabilistic graphical models such as Bayesian networks are widely used to model stochastic systems to perform various types of analysis such as probabilistic prediction, risk analysis, and system health monitoring, which can become…

Quantum mechanics is a notoriously abstract subject, and therefore challenging to teach at pre-college and introductory college levels. Here we introduce the Bloch Cube, a hands-on educational tool which can illustrate key quantum concepts…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-12-05 Jeremy Levy , Chandralekha Singh

Quantum computing is a new technology that is expected to revolutionize the computation paradigm in the next few years. Qubits exploit the quantum physics proprieties to increase the parallelism and speed of computation. Unfortunately,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Daniel Oliveira , Edoardo Giusto , Emanuele Dri , Nadir Casciola , Betis Baheri , Qiang Guan , Bartolomeo Montrucchio , Paolo Rech

Quantum information science and engineering (QISE) is a rapidly developing field that leverages the skills of experts from many disciplines to utilize the potential of quantum systems in a variety of applications. It requires talent from a…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-08-12 Peter Hu , Yangqiuting Li , Chandralekha Singh

Qubits are the fundamental building blocks of quantum information science and applications, whose concept is widely utilized in both quantum physics and quantum computation. While the significance of qubits and their implementation in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-22 Chenxu Liu , Samuel A. Stein , Muqing Zheng , James Ang , Ang Li

Simulating electronic structure on a quantum computer requires encoding of fermionic systems onto qubits. Common encoding methods transform a fermionic system of $N$ spin-orbitals into an $N$-qubit system, but many of the fermionic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Yu Shee , Pei-Kai Tsai , Cheng-Lin Hong , Hao-Chung Cheng , Hsi-Sheng Goan

Quantum computers promise to solve several categories of problems faster than classical computers ever could. Current research mostly focuses on qubits, i.e., systems where the unit of information can assume only two levels. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-25 Kevin Mato , Stefan Hillmich , Robert Wille

We introduce multinode quantum trajectory simulations with qsim, an open source high performance simulator of quantum circuits. qsim can be used as a backend of Cirq, a Python software library for writing quantum circuits. We present a…

Analysis and verification of quantum circuits are highly challenging, given the exponential dependence of the number of states on the number of qubits. For analytical derivation, we propose a new quantum polynomial representation (QPR) to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-14 Yu-Ting Kao , Hao-Yu Lu , Yeong-Jar Chang , Darsen Lu

We explore how the fundamental problems in quantum molecular dynamics can be modelled using classical simulators (emulators) of quantum computers and the actual quantum hardware available to us today. The list of problems we tackle includes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 Tamila Kuanysheva , Brian Kendrick , Lukasz Cincio , Dmitri Babikov