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Text-to-image (T2I) generative models such as Stable Diffusion and FLUX can synthesize realistic, high-quality images directly from textual prompts. The resulting image quality depends critically on well-crafted prompts that specify both…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Mingzhe Li , Renhao Zhang , Zhiyang Wen , Siqi Pan , Bruno Castro da Silva , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma

Despite their impressive capabilities, current Text-to-Image (T2I) models remain prone to generating unsafe and toxic content. While activation steering offers a promising inference-time intervention, we observe that linear activation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Maciej Chrabąszcz , Aleksander Szymczyk , Jan Dubiński , Tomasz Trzciński , Franziska Boenisch , Adam Dziedzic

Impressive advances in text-to-image (T2I) generative models have yielded a plethora of high performing models which are able to generate aesthetically appealing, photorealistic images. Despite the progress, these models still struggle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Oscar Mañas , Pietro Astolfi , Melissa Hall , Candace Ross , Jack Urbanek , Adina Williams , Aishwarya Agrawal , Adriana Romero-Soriano , Michal Drozdzal

Text-to-Image (T2I) models have made remarkable progress in generating images from text prompts, but their output quality and safety still depend heavily on how prompts are phrased. Existing safety methods typically refine prompts using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Jinwoo Jeon , JunHyeok Oh , Hayeong Lee , Byung-Jun Lee

Large-scale diffusion models have achieved state-of-the-art results on text-to-image synthesis (T2I) tasks. Despite their ability to generate high-quality yet creative images, we observe that attribution-binding and compositional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Weixi Feng , Xuehai He , Tsu-Jui Fu , Varun Jampani , Arjun Akula , Pradyumna Narayana , Sugato Basu , Xin Eric Wang , William Yang Wang

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models lack an efficient mechanism for early quality assessment, leading to costly trial-and-error in multi-generation scenarios such as prompt iteration, agent-based generation, and flow-grpo. We reveal a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Benlei Cui , Bukun Huang , Zhizeng Ye , Xuemei Dong , Tuo Chen , Hui Xue , Dingkang Yang , Longtao Huang , Jingqun Tang , Haiwen Hong

Recent text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models show outstanding performance in generating high-quality images conditioned on textual prompts. However, they fail to semantically align the generated images with the prompts due to their limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Ruichen Wang , Zekang Chen , Chen Chen , Jian Ma , Haonan Lu , Xiaodong Lin

With the advance of generative AI, the text-to-image (T2I) model has the ability to generate various contents. However, the generated contents cannot be fully controlled. There is a potential risk that T2I model can generate unsafe images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Dong Han , Salaheldin Mohamed , Yong Li

Text-conditioned image generation models have recently achieved astonishing results in image quality and text alignment and are consequently employed in a fast-growing number of applications. Since they are highly data-driven, relying on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Patrick Schramowski , Manuel Brack , Björn Deiseroth , Kristian Kersting

Diffusion models have recently achieved remarkable advancements in terms of image quality and fidelity to textual prompts. Concurrently, the safety of such generative models has become an area of growing concern. This work introduces a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Tong Liu , Zhixin Lai , Jiawen Wang , Gengyuan Zhang , Shuo Chen , Philip Torr , Vera Demberg , Volker Tresp , Jindong Gu

Despite the integration of safety alignment and external filters, text-to-image (T2I) generative systems are still susceptible to producing harmful content, such as sexual or violent imagery. This raises serious concerns about unintended…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Boheng Li , Junjie Wang , Yiming Li , Zhiyang Hu , Leyi Qi , Jianshuo Dong , Run Wang , Han Qiu , Zhan Qin , Tianwei Zhang

Recent advancements in Text-to-Image (T2I) diffusion models have demonstrated impressive success in generating high-quality images with zero-shot generalization capabilities. Yet, current models struggle to closely adhere to prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Hyun Kang , Dohae Lee , Myungjin Shin , In-Kwon Lee

We investigate a general approach for improving user prompts in text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models by finding prompts that maximize a reward function specified at test-time. Although diverse reward models are used for evaluating image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Semin Kim , Yeonwoo Cha , Jaehoon Yoo , Seunghoon Hong

Prompt design plays a crucial role in text-to-video (T2V) generation, yet user-provided prompts are often short, unstructured, and misaligned with training data, limiting the generative potential of diffusion-based T2V models. We present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Bingjie Gao , Qianli Ma , Xiaoxue Wu , Shuai Yang , Guanzhou Lan , Haonan Zhao , Jiaxuan Chen , Qingyang Liu , Yu Qiao , Xinyuan Chen , Yaohui Wang , Li Niu

Text-to-Image (T2I) generation is primarily driven by Diffusion Models (DM) which rely on random Gaussian noise. Thus, like playing the slots at a casino, a DM will produce different results given the same user-defined inputs. This imposes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Joong Ho Kim , Nicholas Thai , Souhardya Saha Dip , Dong Lao , Keith G. Mills

Diffusion-based text-to-image (T2I) models have made remarkable progress in generating photorealistic and semantically rich images. However, when the target concepts lie in low-density regions of the training distribution, these models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Kwanyoung Lee , SeungJu Cha , Yebin Ahn , Hyunwoo Oh , Sungho Koh , Dong-Jin Kim

The quality of the prompts provided to text-to-image diffusion models determines how faithful the generated content is to the user's intent, often requiring `prompt engineering'. To harness visual concepts from target images without prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Shweta Mahajan , Tanzila Rahman , Kwang Moo Yi , Leonid Sigal

The rapid advancement of Text-to-Image(T2I) generative models has enabled the synthesis of high-quality images guided by textual descriptions. Despite this significant progress, these models are often susceptible in generating contents that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Yichen Sun , Zhixuan Chu , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Foundation models enable prompt-based classifiers for zero-shot and few-shot learning. Nonetheless, the conventional method of employing fixed prompts suffers from distributional shifts that negatively impact generalizability to unseen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yingjun Du , Gaowen Liu , Yuzhang Shang , Yuguang Yao , Ramana Kompella , Cees G. M. Snoek

Controllable text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have shown impressive performance in generating high-quality visual content through the incorporation of various conditions. Current methods, however, exhibit limited performance when guided…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jiajun Wang , Morteza Ghahremani , Yitong Li , Björn Ommer , Christian Wachinger