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Class Incremental Learning (CIL) aims to handle the scenario where data of novel classes occur continuously and sequentially. The model should recognize the sequential novel classes while alleviating the catastrophic forgetting. In the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Xiaoshuang Chen , Zhongyi Sun , Ke Yan , Shouhong Ding , Hongtao Lu

This study focuses on incremental learning for image classification, exploring how to reduce catastrophic forgetting of all learned knowledge when access to old data is restricted. The challenge lies in balancing plasticity (learning new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zhiping Zhou , Xuchen Xie , Yiqiao Qiu , Run Lin , Weishi Zheng , Ruixuan Wang

Deep neural networks perform remarkably well in close-world scenarios. However, novel classes emerged continually in real applications, making it necessary to learn incrementally. Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to gradually recognize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Wenzhuo Liu , Fei Zhu , Cheng-Lin Liu

We observe a high level of imbalance in the accuracy of different classes in the same old task for the first time. This intriguing phenomenon, discovered in replay-based Class Incremental Learning (CIL), highlights the imbalanced forgetting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Shixiong Xu , Gaofeng Meng , Xing Nie , Bolin Ni , Bin Fan , Shiming Xiang

Class-incremental learning (CIL) has emerged as a means to learn new classes incrementally without catastrophic forgetting of previous classes. Recently, CIL has undergone a paradigm shift towards dynamic architectures due to their superior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Sunyuan Qiang , Yanyan Liang , Jun Wan , Du Zhang

Class-incremental learning (CIL) seeks to enable a model to sequentially learn new classes while retaining knowledge of previously learned ones. Balancing flexibility and stability remains a significant challenge, particularly when the task…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Fangwen Wu , Lechao Cheng , Shengeng Tang , Xiaofeng Zhu , Chaowei Fang , Dingwen Zhang , Meng Wang

Exemplar-Free Class Incremental Learning (efCIL) aims to continuously incorporate the knowledge from new classes while retaining previously learned information, without storing any old-class exemplars (i.e., samples). For this purpose,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Libo Huang , Zhulin An , Yan Zeng , Chuanguang Yang , Xinqiang Yu , Yongjun Xu

Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to recognize new classes incrementally while maintaining the discriminability of old classes. Most existing CIL methods are exemplar-based, i.e., storing a part of old data for retraining. Without…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Fei Zhu , Xu-Yao Zhang , Zhen Cheng , Cheng-Lin Liu

Class Incremental Learning (CIL) requires models to continuously learn new classes without forgetting previously learned ones, while maintaining stable performance across all possible class sequences. In real-world settings, the order in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Guannan Lai , Da-Wei Zhou , Xin Yang , Han-Jia Ye

Multi-Class Incremental Learning (MCIL) aims to learn new concepts by incrementally updating a model trained on previous concepts. However, there is an inherent trade-off to effectively learning new concepts without catastrophic forgetting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Yaoyao Liu , Yuting Su , An-An Liu , Bernt Schiele , Qianru Sun

Many deep learning applications, like keyword spotting, require the incorporation of new concepts (classes) over time, referred to as Class Incremental Learning (CIL). The major challenge in CIL is catastrophic forgetting, i.e., preserving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Dong Ma , Chi Ian Tang , Cecilia Mascolo

In class incremental learning (CIL) a model must learn new classes in a sequential manner without forgetting old ones. However, conventional CIL methods consider a balanced distribution for each new task, which ignores the prevalence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Xialei Liu , Yu-Song Hu , Xu-Sheng Cao , Andrew D. Bagdanov , Ke Li , Ming-Ming Cheng

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) enables models to continuously integrate new knowledge while mitigating catastrophic forgetting. Driven by the remarkable generalization of CLIP, leveraging pre-trained vision-language models has become a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hao Sun , Zi-Jun Ding , Da-Wei Zhou

In the scenario of class-incremental learning (CIL), deep neural networks have to adapt their model parameters to non-stationary data distributions, e.g., the emergence of new classes over time. However, CIL models are challenged by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Depeng Li , Zhigang Zeng

Class-incremental Learning (CIL) enables the model to incrementally absorb knowledge from new classes and build a generic classifier across all previously encountered classes. When the model optimizes with new classes, the knowledge of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Juncen Guo , Xiaoguang Zhu , Liangyu Teng , Hao Yang , Jing Liu , Yang Liu , Liang Song

Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to enable models to continuously learn new classes while overcoming catastrophic forgetting. The introduction of pre-trained models has brought new tuning paradigms to CIL. In this paper, we revisit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Qinhao Zhou , Yuwen Tan , Boqing Gong , Xiang Xiang

Human intelligence gradually accepts new information and accumulates knowledge throughout the lifespan. However, deep learning models suffer from a catastrophic forgetting phenomenon, where they forget previous knowledge when acquiring new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Jisu Han , Jaemin Na , Wonjun Hwang

Continual learning (CL) remains a significant challenge for deep neural networks, as it is prone to forgetting previously acquired knowledge. Several approaches have been proposed in the literature, such as experience rehearsal,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Prashant Bhat , Bharath Renjith , Elahe Arani , Bahram Zonooz

Continual learning aims to acquire new knowledge while retaining past information. Class-incremental learning (CIL) presents a challenging scenario where classes are introduced sequentially. For video data, the task becomes more complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Tieyuan Chen , Huabin Liu , Chern Hong Lim , John See , Xing Gao , Junhui Hou , Weiyao Lin

The dynamic nature of open-world scenarios has attracted more attention to class incremental learning (CIL). However, existing CIL methods typically presume the availability of complete ground-truth labels throughout the training process,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Jiaming Liu , Hongyuan Liu , Zhili Qin , Wei Han , Yulu Fan , Qinli Yang , Junming Shao