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Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning abilities across mathematical, strategic, and linguistic tasks, yet little is known about how well they reason in dynamic, real-time, multi-agent scenarios, such as collaborative…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Shaurya Mallampati , Rashed Shelim , Walid Saad , Naren Ramakrishnan

LLM-based agents can autonomously accomplish complex tasks across various domains. However, to further cultivate capabilities such as adaptive behavior and long-term decision-making, training on static datasets built from human-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Yuchen Huang , Sijia Li , Minghao Liu , Wei Liu , Shijue Huang , Zhiyuan Fan , Hou Pong Chan , Yi R. Fung

The static ``train then deploy" paradigm fundamentally limits Large Language Models (LLMs) from dynamically adapting their weights in response to continuous streams of new information inherent in real-world tasks. Test-Time Training (TTT)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Guhao Feng , Shengjie Luo , Kai Hua , Ge Zhang , Di He , Wenhao Huang , Tianle Cai

The rise of large language model (LLM)-powered agents is transforming services computing, moving it beyond static, request-driven functions toward dynamic, goal-oriented, and socially embedded multi-agent ecosystems. We propose Agentic…

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents have recently garnered increasing interest yet they are limited in their ability to learn from trial and error, a key element of intelligent behavior. In this work, we argue that the capacity to learn new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Haiteng Zhao , Chang Ma , Guoyin Wang , Jing Su , Lingpeng Kong , Jingjing Xu , Zhi-Hong Deng , Hongxia Yang

Personalized AI agents are becoming central to modern information retrieval, yet most evaluation methodologies remain static, relying on fixed benchmarks and one-off metrics that fail to reflect how users' needs evolve over time. These…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Kirandeep Kaur , Preetam Prabhu Srikar Dammu , Hideo Joho , Chirag Shah

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly operate in settings where a single context window is far too small to capture what has happened, what was learned, and what should not be repeated. Memory -- the ability to persist, organize,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Pengfei Du

Large language models hold promise as scientific assistants, yet existing agents either rely solely on algorithm evolution or on deep research in isolation, both of which face critical limitations. Pure algorithm evolution, as in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Gang Liu , Yihan Zhu , Jie Chen , Meng Jiang

Language-conditioned robotic skills make it possible to apply the high-level reasoning of Large Language Models (LLMs) to low-level robotic control. A remaining challenge is to acquire a diverse set of fundamental skills. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Xufeng Zhao , Cornelius Weber , Stefan Wermter

Training large language models (LLMs) to reason via reinforcement learning (RL) significantly improves their problem-solving capabilities. In agentic settings, existing methods like ReAct prompt LLMs to explicitly plan before every action;…

Agentic AI systems built on large language models (LLMs) offer significant potential for automating complex workflows, from software development to customer support. However, LLM agents often underperform due to suboptimal configurations;…

Large language models are increasingly deployed as specialized agents that plan, call tools, and take actions over extended horizons. Yet many existing evaluations assume a "clean interface" where dynamics are specified and stable, tools…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents exhibit inherent reasoning abilities through the collaboration of multiple tools. However, during agent inference, existing methods often suffer from (i) locally myopic generation, due to the absence of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Jian Zhang , Zhiyuan Wang , Zhangqi Wang , Yu He , Haoran Luo , li yuan , Lingling Zhang , Rui Mao , Qika Lin , Jun Liu

Feature transformation aims to reconstruct the feature space of raw features to enhance the performance of downstream models. However, the exponential growth in the combinations of features and operations poses a challenge, making it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Nanxu Gong , Chandan K. Reddy , Wangyang Ying , Haifeng Chen , Yanjie Fu

Large language model (LLM) agents have shown increasing promise for collaborative task completion. However, existing multi-agent frameworks often rely on static workflows, fixed roles, and limited inter-agent communication, reducing their…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Chengxuan Xia , Qianye Wu , Sixuan Tian , Yilun Hao

The recent surge in research interest in applying large language models (LLMs) to decision-making tasks has flourished by leveraging the extensive world knowledge embedded in LLMs. While there is a growing demand to tailor LLMs for custom…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Andrew Zhao , Daniel Huang , Quentin Xu , Matthieu Lin , Yong-Jin Liu , Gao Huang

As large language models (LLMs) advance their mathematical capabilities toward the IMO level, the scarcity of challenging, high-quality problems for training and evaluation has become a significant bottleneck. Simultaneously, recent code…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Dadi Guo , Yuejin Xie , Qingyu Liu , Jiayu Liu , Zhiyuan Fan , Qihan Ren , Shuai Shao , Tianyi Zhou , Dongrui Liu , Yi R. Fung

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as optimization modules in agentic systems, yet the fundamental limits of such LLM-mediated improvement remain poorly understood. Here we propose a theory of LLM information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Zhuo-Yang Song , Hua Xing Zhu

Verifiers have been demonstrated to enhance LLM reasoning via test-time scaling (TTS). Yet, they face significant challenges in complex domains. Error propagation from incorrect intermediate reasoning can lead to false positives for…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a milestone in the field of artificial intelligence and natural language processing. However, their large-scale deployment remains constrained by the need for significant computational resources.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Julián Camilo Velandia Gutiérrez