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We present a comprehensive analysis of quantitatively evaluating explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques for remote sensing image classification. Our approach leverages state-of-the-art machine learning approaches to perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Akshatha Mohan , Joshua Peeples

In the ever-evolving field of Artificial Intelligence, a critical challenge has been to decipher the decision-making processes within the so-called "black boxes" in deep learning. Over recent years, a plethora of methods have emerged,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Karam Dawoud , Wojciech Samek , Peter Eisert , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Sebastian Bosse

Wind turbine power curve models translate ambient conditions into turbine power output. They are essential for energy yield prediction and turbine performance monitoring. In recent years, increasingly complex machine learning methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Simon Letzgus , Klaus-Robert Müller

The increasing adoption of artificial intelligence requires accurate forecasts and means to understand the reasoning of artificial intelligence models behind such a forecast. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to provide cues…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Jože M. Rožanec , Patrik Zajec , Klemen Kenda , Inna Novalija , Blaž Fortuna , Dunja Mladenić

Decision explanations of machine learning black-box models are often generated by applying Explainable AI (XAI) techniques. However, many proposed XAI methods produce unverified outputs. Evaluation and verification are usually achieved with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Udo Schlegel , Daniela Oelke , Daniel A. Keim , Mennatallah El-Assady

Explainable AI (XAI) methods identify which features are relevant to a model's predictions but often fail to clarify why certain decisions are made. In this work, we present a novel method that integrates causality with argument-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Henry Salgado , Meagan R. Kendall , Martine Ceberio

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has become increasingly important in biomedical image analysis to promote transparency, trust, and clinical adoption of DL models. While several surveys have reviewed XAI techniques, they often lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Getamesay Haile Dagnaw , Yanming Zhu , Muhammad Hassan Maqsood , Wencheng Yang , Xingshuai Dong , Xuefei Yin , Alan Wee-Chung Liew

The main objective of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is to provide effective explanations for black-box classifiers. The existing literature lists many desirable properties for explanations to be useful, but there is no consensus…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Elvio G. Amparore , Alan Perotti , Paolo Bajardi

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is targeted at understanding how models perform feature selection and derive their classification decisions. This paper explores post-hoc explanations for deep neural networks in the audio domain.…

This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical investigation into the parameterized complexity of explanation problems in various machine learning (ML) models. Contrary to the prevalent black-box perception, our study focuses on models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Sebastian Ordyniak , Giacomo Paesani , Mateusz Rychlicki , Stefan Szeider

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI) has the potential to enhance the transparency and trust of AI-based systems. Although accurate predictions can be made using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), the process used to arrive at such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Bhushan Atote , Victor Sanchez

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has continued to achieve tremendous success in recent times. However, the decision logic of these frameworks is often not transparent, making it difficult for stakeholders to understand, interpret or explain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Fuseini Mumuni , Alhassan Mumuni

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is increasingly rec ognized as essential for deploying machine learning systems in safety critical environments. In Automatic Target Recognition (ATR), where models operate on image, video, radar,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Vanessa Buhrmester , David Muench , Dimitri Bulatov , Michael Arens

Deep learning models are being increasingly applied to imbalanced data in high stakes fields such as medicine, autonomous driving, and intelligence analysis. Imbalanced data compounds the black-box nature of deep networks because the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Damien A. Dablain , Colin Bellinger , Bartosz Krawczyk , David W. Aha , Nitesh V. Chawla

In recent years, deep learning has achieved unprecedented success in various computer vision tasks, particularly in object detection. However, the black-box nature and high complexity of deep neural networks pose significant challenges for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 FatemehSadat Seyedmomeni , Mohammad Ali Keyvanrad

Robustness has become one of the most critical problems in machine learning (ML). The science of interpreting ML models to understand their behavior and improve their robustness is referred to as explainable artificial intelligence (XAI).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Patrick Koller , Amil V. Dravid , Guido M. Schuster , Aggelos K. Katsaggelos

What does it mean for a generative AI model to be explainable? The emergent discipline of explainable AI (XAI) has made great strides in helping people understand discriminative models. Less attention has been paid to generative models that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Jiao Sun , Q. Vera Liao , Michael Muller , Mayank Agarwal , Stephanie Houde , Kartik Talamadupula , Justin D. Weisz

Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly developed through advancements in computational power and the growth of massive datasets. However, this progress has also heightened challenges in interpreting the "black-box" nature of AI models. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Shilin Sun , Wenbin An , Feng Tian , Fang Nan , Qidong Liu , Jun Liu , Nazaraf Shah , Ping Chen

The need for interpretable and accountable intelligent systems grows along with the prevalence of artificial intelligence applications used in everyday life. Explainable intelligent systems are designed to self-explain the reasoning behind…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Sina Mohseni , Niloofar Zarei , Eric D. Ragan

Artificial Intelligence (AI) models have reached a very significant level of accuracy. While their superior performance offers considerable benefits, their inherent complexity often decreases human trust, which slows their application in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Pierre-Daniel Arsenault , Shengrui Wang , Jean-Marc Patenande
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