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In order to efficiently image a non-absorbing sample (a phase object), dedicated phase contrast optics are required. Typically, these optics are designed with the assumption that the sample is weakly scattering, implying a linear relation…

Optics · Physics 2020-10-22 Stewart Koppell , Mark Kasevich

The ill-posed problem of phase retrieval in optics, using one or more intensity measurements, has a multitude of applications using electromagnetic or matter waves. Many phase retrieval algorithms are computed on pixel arrays using discrete…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-21 J. A. Pollock , K. S. Morgan , L. C. P. Croton , M. K. Croughan , G. Ruben , N. Yagi , H. Sekiguchi , M. J. Kitchen

This paper investigates score-based diffusion models when the underlying target distribution is concentrated on or near low-dimensional manifolds within the higher-dimensional space in which they formally reside, a common characteristic of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Gen Li , Yuling Yan

Accurately predicting the performance of coronagraphs and tolerancing optical surfaces for high-contrast imaging requires a detailed accounting of diffraction effects. Unlike simple Fraunhofer diffraction modeling, near and far-field…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-17 Ewan S. Douglas , Marshall D. Perrin

Light field (LF) image super-resolution (SR) is a challenging problem due to its inherent ill-posed nature, where a single low-resolution (LR) input LF image can correspond to multiple potential super-resolved outcomes. Despite this…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-29 Wentao Chao , Fuqing Duan , Xuechun Wang , Yingqian Wang , Guanghui Wang

This paper presents a new FDTD-based optical simulation model dedicated to describe the optical performances of CMOS image sensors taking into account diffraction effects. Following market trend and industrialization constraints, CMOS image…

Optics · Physics 2023-10-17 Flavien Hirigoyen , Axel Crocherie , Jérôme Vaillant , Yvon Cazaux

Recent work showed that large diffusion models can be reused as highly precise monocular depth estimators by casting depth estimation as an image-conditional image generation task. While the proposed model achieved state-of-the-art results,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Gonzalo Martin Garcia , Karim Knaebel , Christian Schmidt , Daan de Geus , Alexander Hermans , Bastian Leibe

In distributed fiber-optic sensing based on optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR), Doppler frequency shifts due to the changes of disturbances during one sweep period introduce demodulation errors that accumulate along both the…

Optics · Physics 2024-10-28 Qiang Yang , Weilin Xie , Congfan Wang , Bowen Li , Xin Li , Xiang Zheng , Wei Wei , Yi Dong

The field of image generation has made significant progress thanks to the introduction of Diffusion Models, which learn to progressively reverse a given image corruption. Recently, a few studies introduced alternative ways of corrupting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Ayan Das , Stathi Fotiadis , Anil Batra , Farhang Nabiei , FengTing Liao , Sattar Vakili , Da-shan Shiu , Alberto Bernacchia

When subjected to monochromatic incident light a nanoparticle will emit light which then interferes with the incident beam. With sufficient contrast and sufficiently close to the particle this interference pattern may be recorded with a…

Optics · Physics 2019-02-26 T. G. Myers , H. Ribera , W. S. Bacsa

Diffusion probabilistic model (DPM) recently becomes one of the hottest topic in computer vision. Its image generation application such as Imagen, Latent Diffusion Models and Stable Diffusion have shown impressive generation capabilities,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Junde Wu , Rao Fu , Huihui Fang , Yu Zhang , Yehui Yang , Haoyi Xiong , Huiying Liu , Yanwu Xu

Beamforming with desired directivity patterns using compact microphone arrays is essential in many audio applications. Directivity patterns achievable using traditional beamformers depend on the number of microphones and the array aperture.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Weilong Huang , Srikanth Raj Chetupalli , Mhd Modar Halimeh , Oliver Thiergart , Emanuël A. P. Habets

The Depth from Defocus (DFD) imaging technique for measuring the size and number concentration of particles in a dispersed two-phase flow has up to now been restricted to relatively sparse particle densities and to identifying only…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-04-01 Rixin Xua , Zuojie Huanga , Wenchao Gonga , Wu Zhoua , Cameron Tropea

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models have transformed image generation with their impressive fidelity and diversity. We show that they also excel in estimating optical flow and monocular depth, surprisingly, without task-specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Saurabh Saxena , Charles Herrmann , Junhwa Hur , Abhishek Kar , Mohammad Norouzi , Deqing Sun , David J. Fleet

Fraunhofer diffraction is a well-known phenomenon achieved with most wavelength even without lens. A single-shot intensity measurement of diffraction is generally considered inadequate to reconstruct the original light field, because the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-04 An-Dong Xiong , Xiao-Peng Jin , Wen-Kai Yu , Qing Zhao

An inverse source reconstruction (ISR) based 3-D near-field (NF) passive radar microwave imaging method utilizing modulated signals is presented. The modulated signals from a non-cooperative transmitter are scattered by the targets of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-06 Quanfeng Wang , Alexander H. Paulus , Thomas F. Eibert

Diffusion probabilistic models have recently achieved remarkable success in generating high-quality images. However, balancing high perceptual quality and low distortion remains challenging in application of diffusion models in image…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Juan Song , Jiaxiang He , Lijie Yang , Mingtao Feng , Keyan Wang

Casual photography is often performed in uncontrolled lighting that can result in low quality images and degrade the performance of downstream processing. We consider the problem of estimating surface normal and reflectance maps of scenes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Zhihao Xia , Jason Lawrence , Supreeth Achar

In this work, we present a technique to determine the mid-infrared refractive indices of thin superconducting films using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In particular, we performed FTIR transmission and reflection…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-03 Dip Joti Paul , Tony X. Zhou , Karl K. Berggren

Nonlinear interferometry has widespread applications in sensing, spectroscopy, and imaging. However, most implementations require highly reflective mirrors and precise optical alignment, drastically reducing their versatility and usability…