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With the increasing sophistication of Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), the demand for effective detection and mitigation strategies and methods has escalated. Program execution leaves traces in the system audit log, which can be analyzed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yi-Ting Huang , Ying-Ren Guo , Yu-Sheng Yang , Guo-Wei Wong , Yu-Zih Jheng , Yeali Sun , Jessemyn Modini , Timothy Lynar , Meng Chang Chen

Advanced persistent threat (APT) is a kind of stealthy, sophisticated, and long-term cyberattack that has brought severe financial losses and critical infrastructure damages. Existing works mainly focus on APT defense under stable network…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Zixuan Wang , Jiliang Li , Yuntao Wang , Zhou Su , Shui Yu , Weizhi Meng

Advanced persistent threat (APT) is widely acknowledged to be the most sophisticated and potent class of security threat. APT refers to knowledgeable human attackers that are organized, highly sophisticated and motivated to achieve their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Atif Ahmad , Jeb Webb , Kevin C. Desouza , James Boorman

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are stealthy attacks that threaten the security and privacy of sensitive information. Interactions of APTs with victim system introduce information flows that are recorded in the system logs. Dynamic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-29 Dinuka Sahabandu , Shana Moothedath , Joey Allen , Linda Bushnell , Wenke Lee , Radha Poovendran

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) pose critical challenges to modern cybersecurity due to their multi-stage and stealthy nature. While provenance-based detection approaches show promise in capturing causal attack semantics, current threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Wenhao Yan , Ning An , Linxu Li , Bingsheng Bi , Bo Jiang , Zhigang Lu , Baoxu Liu , Junrong Liu , Cong Dong

System log anomaly detection is critical for maintaining the reliability of large-scale software systems, yet traditional methods struggle with the heterogeneous and evolving nature of modern log data. Recent advances in Large Language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Disha Patel

Malware allegedly developed by nation-states, also known as advanced persistent threats (APT), are becoming more common. The task of attributing an APT to a specific nation-state or classifying it to the correct APT family is challenging…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Ishai Rosenberg , Guillaume Sicard , Eli David

Our work explores the utilization of deep learning, specifically leveraging the CodeBERT model, to enhance code security testing for Python applications by detecting SQL injection vulnerabilities. Unlike traditional security testing methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Guan-Yan Yang , Yi-Heng Ko , Farn Wang , Kuo-Hui Yeh , Haw-Shiang Chang , Hsueh-Yi Chen

Embedded devices are omnipresent in modern networks including the ones operating inside critical environments. However, due to their constrained nature, novel mechanisms are required to provide external, and non-intrusive anomaly detection.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Kurt A. Vedros , Georgios Michail Makrakis , Constantinos Kolias , Robert C. Ivans , Craig Rieger

This study explores the application of Answer Set Programming (ASP) for detecting anomalies in system logs, addressing the challenges posed by evolving cyber threats. We propose a novel framework that leverages ASP's declarative nature and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Fang Li , Fei Zuo , Gopal Gupta

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities, but remain susceptible to a growing spectrum of safety risks, including jailbreaks, toxic content, hallucinations, and bias. Existing defenses often address only a single threat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Md Rafi Ur Rashid , Vishnu Asutosh Dasu , Ye Wang , Gang Tan , Shagufta Mehnaz

Deep neural networks have demonstrated excellent performance in SAR target detection tasks but remain susceptible to adversarial attacks. Existing SAR-specific attack methods can effectively deceive detectors; however, they often introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yiming Zhang , Weibo Qin , Feng Wang

Software developers frequently hard-code credentials such as passwords, generic secrets, private keys, and generic tokens in software repositories, even though it is strictly advised against due to the severe threat to the security of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Chidera Biringa , Gokhan Kul

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are stealthy, multi-stage attacks that require adaptive and timely defense. While deep reinforcement learning (DRL) enables autonomous cyber defense, its decisions are often opaque and difficult to trust…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Trung V. Phan , Thomas Bauschert

Detecting anomalies in general ledger data is of utmost importance to ensure trustworthiness of financial records. Financial audits increasingly rely on machine learning (ML) algorithms to identify irregular or potentially fraudulent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Alexander Bakumenko , Kateřina Hlaváčková-Schindler , Claudia Plant , Nina C. Hubig

This paper presents DeepStage, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework for adaptive and stage-aware defense against Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs). The enterprise environment is formulated as a partially observable Markov decision…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Trung V. Phan , Tri Gia Nguyen , Thomas Bauschert

Deep learning based systems are susceptible to adversarial attacks, where a small, imperceptible change at the input alters the model prediction. However, to date the majority of the approaches to detect these attacks have been designed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Vyas Raina , Mark Gales

Penetration testing is essential to securing modern web infrastructures, yet traditional manual methods struggle to keep pace with their scale and complexity. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new opportunities for automating these tasks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 William Guanting Li , Alsharif Abuadbba , Kristen Moore , Dan Dongseong Kim

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in critical applications has introduced severe reliability and security risks, as LLMs remain vulnerable to notorious threats such as hallucinations, jailbreak attacks, and backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Shide Zhou , Kailong Wang , Ling Shi , Haoyu Wang

Analysis of an organization's computer network activity is a key component of early detection and mitigation of insider threat, a growing concern for many organizations. Raw system logs are a prototypical example of streaming data that can…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-12-19 Aaron Tuor , Samuel Kaplan , Brian Hutchinson , Nicole Nichols , Sean Robinson
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