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Confidence estimation infers a probability for whether each model output is correct or not. While predicting such binary correctness is sensible for tasks with exact answers, free-form generation tasks are often more nuanced, with output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Chi-Yang Hsu , Alexander Braylan , Yiheng Su , Matthew Lease , Omar Alonso

Code repair is a fundamental task in software development, facilitating efficient bug resolution and software maintenance. Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated considerable potential in automated code repair, their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Dekun Dai , MingWei Liu , Anji Li , Jialun Cao , Yanlin Wang , Chong Wang , Xin Peng , Zibin Zheng

The stunning qualitative improvement of recent text-to-image models has led to their widespread attention and adoption. However, we lack a comprehensive quantitative understanding of their capabilities and risks. To fill this gap, we…

Image super-resolution models are commonly evaluated by average scores (over some benchmark test sets), which fail to reflect the performance of these models on images of varying difficulty and that some models generate artifacts on certain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Atakan Topaloglu , Ahmet Bilican , Cansu Korkmaz , A. Murat Tekalp

Recent work has demonstrated that controlled pretraining experiments are a powerful tool for studying the relationship between training data and large language model (LLM) behavior. However, the computational cost of pretraining presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Sebastian Bordt , Martin Pawelczyk

Evaluating and comparing text-to-image models is a challenging problem. Significant advances in the field have recently been made, piquing interest of various industrial sectors. As a consequence, a gold standard in the field should cover a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Federico A. Galatolo , Mario G. C. A. Cimino , Edoardo Cogotti

Foundation model reliability assessment typically requires thousands of evaluation examples, making it computationally expensive and time-consuming for real-world deployment. We introduce microprobe, a novel approach that achieves…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Aayam Bansal , Ishaan Gangwani

As text-to-image diffusion models gain widespread commercial applications, there are increasing concerns about unethical or harmful use, including the unauthorized generation of copyrighted or sensitive content. Concept unlearning has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Saemi Moon , Minjong Lee , Sangdon Park , Dongwoo Kim

The capabilities of large language models have grown significantly in recent years and so too have concerns about their misuse. It is important to be able to distinguish machine-generated text from human-authored content. Prior works have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Julien Piet , Chawin Sitawarin , Vivian Fang , Norman Mu , David Wagner

We investigate a failure mode of large language models (LLMs) in which plain-text prompts elicit excessive outputs, a phenomenon we term Overflow. Unlike jailbreaks or prompt injection, Overflow arises under ordinary interaction settings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Erin Feiglin , Nir Hutnik , Raz Lapid

Multiple hypothesis testing practices vary widely, without consensus on which are appropriate when. This paper provides an economic foundation for these practices designed to capture leading examples, such as regulatory approval on the…

General Economics · Economics 2026-02-19 Davide Viviano , Kaspar Wuthrich , Paul Niehaus

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) today rests on fixed benchmarks that apply the same set of items to any model, producing ceiling and floor effects that mask capability gaps. We argue that the most informative evaluation signal lies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Haoxiang Wang , Da Yu , Huishuai Zhang

Large Language Models can generate synthetic survey responses at low cost, but their accuracy varies unpredictably across questions. We study the design problem of allocating a fixed budget of human respondents across estimation tasks when…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zikun Ye , Hema Yoganarasimhan

We propose an efficient evaluation protocol for large vision-language models (VLMs). Given their broad knowledge and reasoning capabilities, multiple benchmarks are needed for comprehensive assessment, making evaluation computationally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Teppei Suzuki , Keisuke Ozawa

Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) techniques have drawn significant attention due to their ability to yield competitive results while updating only a small portion of the adjustable parameters. However, existing PEFT methods pose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Muling Wu , Wenhao Liu , Xiaohua Wang , Tianlong Li , Changze Lv , Zixuan Ling , Jianhao Zhu , Cenyuan Zhang , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Industry practitioners always face the problem of choosing the appropriate model for deployment under different considerations, such as to maximize a metric that is crucial for production, or to reduce the total cost given financial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Shi Zong , Josh Seltzer , Jiahua , Pan , Kathy Cheng , Jimmy Lin

Various techniques have been proposed to improve large language models (LLMs) adherence to formatting and instruction constraints. One of the most effective approaches involves utilizing high-quality data generated by powerful models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Sihyun Park

In the last couple of years, Model Driven Engineering (MDE) gained a prominent role in the context of software engineering. In the MDE paradigm, models are considered first level artifacts which are iteratively developed by teams of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-08-26 Pit Pietsch , Klaus Müller , Bernhard Rumpe

Existing image editing models struggle to meet real-world demands. Despite excelling in academic benchmarks, they have yet to be widely adopted for real user needs. Datasets that power these models use artificial edits, lacking the scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Peter Sushko , Ayana Bharadwaj , Zhi Yang Lim , Vasily Ilin , Ben Caffee , Dongping Chen , Mohammadreza Salehi , Cheng-Yu Hsieh , Ranjay Krishna

Many machine learning models have important structural tuning parameters that cannot be directly estimated from the data. The common tactic for setting these parameters is to use resampling methods, such as cross--validation or the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-28 Max Kuhn