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As quantum programming evolves, more and more quantum programming languages are being developed. As a result, debugging and testing quantum programs have become increasingly important. While bug fixing in classical programs has come a long…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-24 Junjie Luo , Pengzhan Zhao , Zhongtao Miao , Shuhan Lan , Jianjun Zhao

Quantum devices in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era are limited by high error rates and short decoherence times. Typically, compiler optimisations have provided solutions at the gate level. Alternatively, we exploit the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-16 Lilian Hunt Alan Robertson

As quantum computing matures and moves toward broader accessibility through cloud-based platforms, ensuring the authenticity and integrity of quantum computations becomes an urgent concern. In this work, we propose a strategy to leverage…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for code generation, yet quantum code generation is still evaluated mostly within single frameworks, making it difficult to separate quantum reasoning from framework familiarity. We…

Over the past three decades significant reductions have been made to the cost of estimating ground-state energies of molecular Hamiltonians with quantum computers. However, comparatively little attention has been paid to estimating the…

We introduce QSTToolkit, a Python library for performing quantum state tomography (QST) on optical quantum state measurement data. The toolkit integrates traditional Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) with deep learning-based techniques to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-19 George FitzGerald , Will Yeadon

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for building scalable quantum computers, but a lack of systematic, end-to-end evaluation methods makes it difficult to assess how different QEC codes perform under realistic conditions. The vast…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Aleksandra Świerkowska , Jannik Pflieger , Emmanouil Giortamis , Pramod Bhatotia

Quantum software engineering is an emerging discipline with distinct challenges, particularly in testing and debugging. As quantum computing transitions from theory to implementation, developers face issues not present in classical software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jake Zappin , Trevor Stalnaker , Oscar Chaparro , Denys Poshyvanyk

Quantum Chemistry (QC) is one of the most promising applications of Quantum Computing. However, present quantum processing units (QPUs) are still subject to large errors. Therefore, noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Mohammad Haidar , Marko J. Rančić , Thomas Ayral , Yvon Maday , Jean-Philip Piquemal

In this study, we present a comprehensive evaluation of popular SDK-to-SDK quantum transpilers (that is transpilers that takes a quantum circuit from an initial SDK and output a quantum circuit in another SDK), focusing on critical metrics…

Significant challenges remain with the development of macroscopic quantum computing, hardware problems of noise, decoherence, and scaling, software problems of error correction, and, most important, algorithm construction. Finding truly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-05 James E. Steck , Nathan L. Thompson , Elizabeth C. Behrman

This Mathematica 7.0/8.0 package upgrades and extends the quantum computer simulation code called QDENSITY. Use of the density matrix was emphasized in QDENSITY, although that code was also applicable to a quantum state description. In the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 Frank Tabakin , Bruno Julia-Diaz

sQUlearn introduces a user-friendly, NISQ-ready Python library for quantum machine learning (QML), designed for seamless integration with classical machine learning tools like scikit-learn. The library's dual-layer architecture serves both…

Many researchers have been heavily investigated on quantum phase estimation (QPE) algorithms to find the unknown phase, since QPE is the core building block of the most quantum algorithms such as the Shor's factoring algorithm, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-19 Hamed Mohammadbagherpoor , Young-Hyun Oh , Anand Singh , Xianqing Yu , Andy J. Rindos

Quantum computing promises enabling solving large problem instances, e.g. large linear equation systems with HHL algorithm, once the hardware stack matures. For the foreseeable future quantum computing will remain in the so-called NISQ era,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Marc Andreu Marfany , Alona Sakhnenko , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

We present an updated version of PyQBench, an open-source Python library designed for benchmarking gate-based quantum computers, with a focus on certifying qubit von Neumann measurements. This version extends PyQBench's capabilities by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Paulina Lewandowska , Martin Beseda

Quantum programs are typically developed using quantum Software Development Kits (SDKs). The rapid advancement of quantum computing necessitates new tools to streamline this development process, and one such tool could be Generative…

Quantum computing is getting increasing interest from both academia and industry, and the quantum software landscape has been growing rapidly. The quantum software stack comprises quantum programs, implementing algorithms, and platforms…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Matteo Paltenghi , Michael Pradel

Rapid development of quantum computing technology has led to a wide variety of sophisticated quantum devices. Benchmarking these systems becomes crucial for understanding their capabilities and paving the way for future advancements. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Rafał Bistroń , Marcin Rudziński , Ryszard Kukulski , Karol Życzkowski

Quantum metric learning enhances machine learning by mapping classical data to a quantum Hilbert space with maximal separation between classes. However, on current NISQ hardware, this mapping process itself is prone to errors and could be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Ahmed Shokry , Movahhed Sadeghi , Mahmut Kandemir