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The ever-growing scale of deep learning models and training data underscores the critical importance of efficient optimization methods. While preconditioned gradient methods such as Adam and AdamW are the de facto optimizers for training…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Tim Tsz-Kit Lau , Qi Long , Weijie Su

Efficient stochastic optimization typically integrates an update direction that performs well in the deterministic regime with a mechanism adapting to stochastic perturbations. While Adam uses adaptive moment estimates to promote stability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Minxin Zhang , Yuxuan Liu , Hayden Schaeffer

Training large language models requires optimization algorithms that are not only statistically effective, but also computationally and memory efficient at extreme scale. Although Adam remains the dominant optimizer for large-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Aditya Ranganath

Conventional fine-tuning encounters increasing difficulties given the size of current Pre-trained Language Models, which makes parameter-efficient tuning become the focal point of frontier research. Previous methods in this field add…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Wang Qi , Yu-Ping Ruan , Yuan Zuo , Taihao Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success, yet recent findings reveal that their deeper layers often contribute minimally and can be pruned without affecting overall performance. While some view this as an opportunity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Pengxiang Li , Lu Yin , Shiwei Liu

External tools help large language models succeed at tasks where they would otherwise typically fail. In existing frameworks, choosing tools at test time relies on naive greedy decoding, regardless of whether the model has been fine-tuned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Lisa Alazraki , Marek Rei

As the performance of larger, newer Large Language Models continues to improve for strategic Theory of Mind (ToM) tasks, the demand for these state-of-the-art models increases commensurately. However, their deployment is costly both in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Nunzio Lore , Sepehr Ilami , Babak Heydari

Modern optimizers, like Muon, impose matrix-wise geometry constraints on their updates. These matrix-wise constraints can be unified under Linear Minimization Oracle (LMO) theory. However, all current methods impose fixed LMO geometries for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Thomas Massena , Corentin Friedrich , Mathieu Serrurier

The optimisation of neural networks can be sped up by orthogonalising the gradients before the optimisation step, ensuring the diversification of the learned representations. We orthogonalise the gradients of the layer's components/filters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Mark Tuddenham , Adam Prügel-Bennett , Jonathan Hare

A candidate explanation of the good empirical performance of deep neural networks is the implicit regularization effect of first order optimization methods. Inspired by this, we prove a convergence theorem for nonconvex composite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Dávid Terjék , Diego González-Sánchez

In this paper, we propose a unified framework based on equivariance for the design of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted technologies in multi-user multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems. We first provide definitions of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Yafei Wang , Hongwei Hou , Xinping Yi , Wenjin Wang , Shi Jin

We present EXAONE Deep series, which exhibits superior capabilities in various reasoning tasks, including math and coding benchmarks. We train our models mainly on the reasoning-specialized dataset that incorporates long streams of thought…

CNNs achieve remarkable performance by leveraging deep, over-parametrized architectures, trained on large datasets. However, they have limited generalization ability to data outside the training domain, and a lack of robustness to noise and…

This paper introduces Uniform Orthogonal Reinitialization Adaptation (UORA), a novel parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) approach for Large Language Models (LLMs). UORA achieves state-of-the-art performance and parameter efficiency by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xueyan Zhang , Jinman Zhao , Zhifei Yang , Yibo Zhong , Shuhao Guan , Linbo Cao , Yining Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP) tasks by achieving state-of-the-art performance across a range of benchmarks. Central to the success of these models is the integration of sophisticated…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Tianfan Peng , Jiajun Qin , Tianhua Xia , Sai Qian Zhang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Typically, LLMs are trained to predict the next token, aligning well with many NLP tasks. However, in knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Lingbing Guo , Yichi Zhang , Zhongpu Bo , Zhuo Chen , Mengshu Sun , Zhiqiang Zhang , Wen Zhang , Huajun Chen

We present an algorithm for supervised learning using tensor networks, employing a step of preprocessing the data by coarse-graining through a sequence of wavelet transformations. We represent these transformations as a set of tensor…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-24 Justin Reyes , Miles Stoudenmire

The increasing size of neural networks has led to a growing demand for methods of efficient fine-tuning. Recently, an orthogonal fine-tuning paradigm was introduced that uses orthogonal matrices for adapting the weights of a pretrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Mikhail Gorbunov , Nikolay Yudin , Vera Soboleva , Aibek Alanov , Alexey Naumov , Maxim Rakhuba

Scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) yields performance gains but incurs substantial training costs. Depth up-scaling offers training efficiency by adding new layers to pre-trained models. However, most existing methods copy or average…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Mingzi Cao , Xi Wang , Nikolaos Aletras

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) traditionally rely on final-layer loss for training and final-layer representations for predictions, potentially overlooking the predictive power embedded in intermediate layers. Surprisingly,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Haoyan Luo , Lucia Specia
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