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Deep learning (e.g., Transformer) has been widely and successfully used in multivariate time series forecasting (MTSF). Unlike existing methods that focus on training models from a single modal of time series input, large language models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Peiyuan Liu , Hang Guo , Tao Dai , Naiqi Li , Jigang Bao , Xudong Ren , Yong Jiang , Shu-Tao Xia

Recently, there has been a surge of Transformer-based solutions for the long-term time series forecasting (LTSF) task. Despite the growing performance over the past few years, we question the validity of this line of research in this work.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Ailing Zeng , Muxi Chen , Lei Zhang , Qiang Xu

Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) have borrowed the long context paradigm from natural language processing under the premise that feeding more history into the model improves forecast quality. But in stochastic domains, distant history…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Rishi Ahuja , Kumar Prateek , Simranjit Singh , Vijay Kumar

This paper introduces SparseTSF, a novel, extremely lightweight model for Long-term Time Series Forecasting (LTSF), designed to address the challenges of modeling complex temporal dependencies over extended horizons with minimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Shengsheng Lin , Weiwei Lin , Wentai Wu , Haojun Chen , Junjie Yang

In the real world, long sequence time-series forecasting (LSTF) is needed in many cases, such as power consumption prediction and air quality prediction.Multi-dimensional long time series model has more strict requirements on the model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Ning Wang

The design of training objective is central to training time-series forecasting models. Existing training objectives such as mean squared error mostly treat each future step as an independent, equally weighted task, which we found leading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Hao Wang , Licheng Pan , Yuan Lu , Zhichao Chen , Tianqiao Liu , Shuting He , Zhixuan Chu , Qingsong Wen , Haoxuan Li , Zhouchen Lin

Long-horizon events forecasting is a crucial task across various domains, including retail, finance, healthcare, and social networks. Traditional models for event sequences often extend to forecasting on a horizon using an autoregressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Ivan Karpukhin , Andrey Savchenko

Fuzzy time series forecasting (FTSF) is a typical forecasting method with wide application. Traditional FTSF is regarded as an expert system which leads to loss of the ability to recognize undefined features. The mentioned is the main…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Tianxiang Zhan , Yuanpeng He , Yong Deng , Zhen Li

Time series modeling presents unique challenges due to autocorrelation in both historical data and future sequences. While current research predominantly addresses autocorrelation within historical data, the correlations among future labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Hao Wang , Licheng Pan , Zhichao Chen , Degui Yang , Sen Zhang , Yifei Yang , Xinggao Liu , Haoxuan Li , Dacheng Tao

Transformer-based models are at the forefront in long time-series forecasting (LTSF). While in many cases, these models are able to achieve state of the art results, they suffer from a bias toward low-frequencies in the data and high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Elisha Dayag , Nhat Thanh Van Tran , Jack Xin

Time series, typically represented as numerical sequences, can also be transformed into images and texts, offering multi-modal views (MMVs) of the same underlying signal. These MMVs can reveal complementary patterns and enable the use of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 ChengAo Shen , Wenchao Yu , Ziming Zhao , Dongjin Song , Wei Cheng , Haifeng Chen , Jingchao Ni

Multivariate Time Series Forecasting (MTSF) has long been a key research focus. Traditionally, these studies assume a fixed number of variables, but in real-world applications, Cyber-Physical Systems often expand as new sensors are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Minbo Ma , Kai Tang , Huan Li , Fei Teng , Dalin Zhang , Tianrui Li

Process Model Forecasting (PMF) aims to predict how the control-flow structure of a process evolves over time by modeling the temporal dynamics of directly-follows (DF) relations, complementing predictive process monitoring that focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yongbo Yu , Jari Peeperkorn , Johannes De Smedt , Jochen De Weerdt

Time series prediction with deep learning methods, especially long short-term memory neural networks (LSTMs), have scored significant achievements in recent years. Despite the fact that the LSTMs can help to capture long-term dependencies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-12 Youru Li , Zhenfeng Zhu , Deqiang Kong , Hua Han , Yao Zhao

Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) advance generalization and data efficiency in time series forecasting by unified large-scale pretraining. But TSFMs remain lacking when adapting to specific downstream forecasting tasks for two reasons.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-04 Siyang Li , Yize Chen , Zijie Zhu , Yuxin Pan , Yan Guo , Ming Huang , Hui Xiong

Time series forecasting (TSF) is an essential branch of machine learning with various applications. Most methods for TSF focus on constructing different networks to extract better information and improve performance. However, practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Yanru Sun , Zongxia Xie , Haoyu Xing , Hualong Yu , Qinghua Hu

Real-world time-series datasets often violate the assumptions of standard supervised learning for forecasting -- their distributions evolve over time, rendering the conventional training and model selection procedures suboptimal. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Sercan O. Arik , Nathanael C. Yoder , Tomas Pfister

Long-term time series forecasting (LTSF) is a crucial aspect of modern society, playing a pivotal role in facilitating long-term planning and developing early warning systems. While many Transformer-based models have recently been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Jiaxin Gao , Wenbo Hu , Yuntian Chen

Recent studies have shown that by introducing prior knowledge, multi-scale analysis of complex and non-stationary time series in real environments can achieve good results in the field of long-term forecasting. However, affected by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Bin Wang , Heming Yang , Jinfang Sheng

Multivariate time series forecasting (MTSF) seeks to model temporal dynamics among variables to predict future trends. Transformer-based models and large language models (LLMs) have shown promise due to their ability to capture long-range…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Abdul Monaf Chowdhury , Rabeya Akter , Safaeid Hossain Arib