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Primal-dual safe RL methods commonly perform iterations between the primal update of the policy and the dual update of the Lagrange Multiplier. Such a training paradigm is highly susceptible to the error in cumulative cost estimation since…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Zifan Wu , Bo Tang , Qian Lin , Chao Yu , Shangqin Mao , Qianlong Xie , Xingxing Wang , Dong Wang

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) policies are vulnerable to unauthorized replication attacks, where an adversary exploits imitation learning to reproduce target policies from observed behavior. In this paper, we propose Constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Nancirose Piazza , Vahid Behzadan

Legged locomotion in unstructured environments demands not only high-performance control policies but also formal guarantees to ensure robustness under perturbations. Control methods often require carefully designed reference trajectories,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Vrushabh Zinage , Narek Harutyunyan , Eric Verheyden , Fred Y. Hadaegh , Soon-Jo Chung

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a promising paradigm for post-training reasoning models. However, group-based methods such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) face a critical dilemma in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yuning Wu , Ke Wang , Devin Chen , Kai Wei

We study reinforcement learning (RL) in the setting of continuous time and space, for an infinite horizon with a discounted objective and the underlying dynamics driven by a stochastic differential equation. Built upon recent advances in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Hanyang Zhao , Wenpin Tang , David D. Yao

Constrained Reinforcement Learning (CRL) addresses sequential decision-making problems where agents are required to achieve goals by maximizing the expected return while meeting domain-specific constraints. In this setting, policy-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Alessandro Montenegro , Leonardo Cesani , Marco Mussi , Matteo Papini , Alberto Maria Metelli

We present an off-policy actor-critic algorithm for Reinforcement Learning (RL) that combines ideas from gradient-free optimization via stochastic search with learned action-value function. The result is a simple procedure consisting of…

The key to performance optimization of a program is to decide correctly when a certain transformation should be applied by a compiler. This is an ideal opportunity to apply machine-learning models to speed up the tuning process; while this…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has made notable success in decision-making fields like autonomous driving and robotic manipulation. Yet, its reliance on real-time feedback poses challenges in costly or hazardous settings. Furthermore, RL's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Minjae Cho , Chuangchuang Sun

Recently, Agentic Reinforcement Learning (Agentic RL) has made significant progress in incentivizing the multi-turn, long-horizon tool-use capabilities of web agents. While mainstream agentic RL algorithms autonomously explore…

Safe reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn policies that satisfy certain constraints before deploying them to safety-critical applications. Previous primal-dual style approaches suffer from instability issues and lack optimality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Zuxin Liu , Zhepeng Cen , Vladislav Isenbaev , Wei Liu , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Bo Li , Ding Zhao

Autonomous UAV inspection of confined industrial infrastructure, such as ventilation ducts, demands robust navigation policies where collisions are unacceptable. While Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) offers a powerful paradigm for…

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), a prominent algorithm within the Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) framework, has achieved strong results in improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Xixiang He , Qiyao Sun , Ao Cheng , Xingming Li , Xuanyu Ji , Hailun Lu , Runke Huang , Qingyong Hu

Effective exploration remains a central challenge in model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL), particularly in high-dimensional continuous control tasks where sample efficiency is crucial. A prominent line of recent work leverages learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Álvaro Serra-Gomez , Daniel Jarne Ornia , Dhruva Tirumala , Thomas Moerland

Automated decision-making algorithms drive applications such as recommendation systems and search engines. These algorithms often rely on off-policy contextual bandits or off-policy learning (OPL). Conventionally, OPL selects actions that…

Offline Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is an emerging field that aims to learn optimal multi-agent policies from pre-collected datasets. Compared to single-agent case, multi-agent setting involves a large joint state-action space…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Zongkai Liu , Qian Lin , Chao Yu , Xiawei Wu , Yile Liang , Donghui Li , Xuetao Ding

Reinforcement Learning Fine-Tuning (RLFT) has achieved notable success in tasks with objectively verifiable answers (e.g., code generation, mathematical reasoning), yet struggles with open-ended subjective tasks like role-playing dialogue.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Xinge Ye , Rui Wang , Yuchuan Wu , Victor Ma , Feiteng Fang , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Recent advances in large language models have highlighted the critical need for precise control over model outputs through predefined constraints. While existing methods attempt to achieve this through either direct instruction-response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Zhouhong Gu , Xingzhou Chen , Xiaoran Shi , Tao Wang , Suhang Zheng , Tianyu Li , Hongwei Feng , Yanghua Xiao

Machine unlearning has gained increasing attention in recent years, as a promising technique to selectively remove unwanted privacy or copyrighted information from Large Language Models that are trained on a massive scale of human data.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Junyi Li , Yongqiang Chen , Ningning Ding

The ability to discover optimal behaviour from fixed data sets has the potential to transfer the successes of reinforcement learning (RL) to domains where data collection is acutely problematic. In this offline setting, a key challenge is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Alex Beeson , Giovanni Montana