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While Large Language Model (LLM) based agents excel at complex tasks, their performance in open-ended scenarios is often constrained by isolated operation and reliance on static databases, missing the dynamic knowledge exchange of human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hang Gao , Yongfeng Zhang

Large language model (LLM) multi-agent systems can scale along two distinct dimensions: by increasing the number of agents and by improving through accumulated experience over time. Although prior work has studied these dimensions…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Shanglin Wu , Yuyang Luo , Yueqing Liang , Kaiwen Shi , Yanfang Ye , Ali Payani , Kai Shu

While large language model (LLM) agents can effectively use external tools for complex real-world tasks, they require memory systems to leverage historical experiences. Current memory systems enable basic storage and retrieval but lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Wujiang Xu , Zujie Liang , Kai Mei , Hang Gao , Juntao Tan , Yongfeng Zhang

In this study, we propose a novel human-like memory architecture designed for enhancing the cognitive abilities of large language model based dialogue agents. Our proposed architecture enables agents to autonomously recall memories…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yuki Hou , Haruki Tamoto , Homei Miyashita

Agentic systems solve complex tasks by coordinating multiple agents that iteratively reason, invoke tools, and exchange intermediate results. To improve robustness and solution quality, recent approaches deploy multiple agent teams running…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Joseph Fioresi , Parth Parag Kulkarni , Ashmal Vayani , Song Wang , Mubarak Shah

Many real-world systems, such as transportation systems, ecological systems, and Internet systems, are complex systems. As an important tool for studying complex systems, computational experiments can map them into artificial society models…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ming Zhang , Yiling Xuan , Qun Ma , Yuwei Guo

In recent developments within the research community, the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) in creating fully autonomous agents has garnered significant interest. Despite this, LLM-based agents frequently demonstrate notable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Xueyang Feng , Zhi-Yuan Chen , Yujia Qin , Yankai Lin , Xu Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Ji-Rong Wen

We study the problem of plan synthesis for multi-agent systems, to achieve complex, high-level, long-term goals that are assigned to each agent individually. As the agents might not be capable of satisfying their respective goals by…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-10-27 Jana Tumova , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

When are multi-agent LLM systems merely a collection of individual agents versus an integrated collective with higher-order structure? We introduce an information-theoretic framework to test -- in a purely data-driven way -- whether…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Christoph Riedl

With the rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), an increasing number of studies have leveraged LLMs as the cognitive core of agents to address complex task decision-making challenges. Specially, recent research has demonstrated…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Di Zhao , Longhui Ma , Siwei Wang , Miao Wang , Zhao Lv

Large language model (LLM)-powered multi-agent systems (MAS) have demonstrated cognitive and execution capabilities that far exceed those of single LLM agents, yet their capacity for self-evolution remains hampered by underdeveloped memory…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Guibin Zhang , Muxin Fu , Guancheng Wan , Miao Yu , Kun Wang , Shuicheng Yan

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents often suffer from high sample complexity in sparse or delayed reward settings due to limited prior structure. Large language models (LLMs) can provide subgoal decompositions, plausible trajectories, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Narjes Nourzad , Carlee Joe-Wong

Memory emerges as the core module in the large language model (LLM)-based agents for long-horizon complex tasks (e.g., multi-turn dialogue, game playing, scientific discovery), where memory can enable knowledge accumulation, iterative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yanchen Wu , Tenghui Lin , Yingli Zhou , Fangyuan Zhang , Qintian Guo , Xun Zhou , Sibo Wang , Xilin Liu , Yuchi Ma , Yixiang Fang

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) has opened new possibilities for artificial intelligence, yet current implementations face significant challenges in resource management, task coordination, and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Junwei Yu , Yepeng Ding , Hiroyuki Sato

Large Language Models (LLM) are increasingly being explored for problem-solving tasks. However, their strategic planning capability is often viewed with skepticism. Recent studies have incorporated the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Bingzheng Gan , Yufan Zhao , Tianyi Zhang , Jing Huang , Yusu Li , Shu Xian Teo , Changwang Zhang , Wei Shi

This paper addresses the limitations of a single agent in task decomposition and collaboration during complex task execution, and proposes a multi-agent architecture for modular task decomposition and dynamic collaboration based on large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Shuaidong Pan , Di Wu

Language model (LM)-based agents have demonstrated promising capabilities in automating complex tasks from natural language instructions, yet they continue to struggle with long-horizon planning and reasoning. To address this, we propose an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wenyi Wu , Sibo Zhu , Kun Zhou , Biwei Huang

While scaling individual Large Language Models (LLMs) has delivered remarkable progress, the next frontier lies in scaling collaboration through multi-agent systems (MAS). However, purely autonomous MAS remain ''closed-world'' systems,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Wei Yang , Defu Cao , Jiacheng Pang , Muyan Weng , Yan Liu

Recent advanced LLM-powered agent systems have exhibited their remarkable capabilities in tackling complex, long-horizon tasks. Nevertheless, they still suffer from inherent limitations in resource efficiency, context management, and…

Large language model (LLM)-based agents have shown strong potential in multi-task scenarios, owing to their ability to transfer knowledge across diverse tasks. However, existing approaches often treat prior experiences and knowledge as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Shicheng Ye , Chao Yu , Kaiqiang Ke , Chengdong Xu , Yinqi Wei