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As AI rapidly advances, the security risks posed by AI are becoming increasingly severe, especially in critical scenarios, including those posing existential risks. If AI becomes uncontrollable, manipulated, or actively evades safety…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Donglin Wang , Weiyun Liang , Chunyuan Chen , Jing Xu , Yulong Fu

Frontier AI systems are rapidly advancing in their capabilities to persuade, deceive, and influence human behaviour, with current models already demonstrating human-level persuasion and strategic deception in specific contexts. Humans are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Rishane Dassanayake , Mario Demetroudi , James Walpole , Lindley Lentati , Jason R. Brown , Edward James Young

AI Safety is an emerging area of critical importance to the safe adoption and deployment of AI systems. With the rapid proliferation of AI and especially with the recent advancement of Generative AI (or GAI), the technology ecosystem behind…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Chen Chen , Xueluan Gong , Ziyao Liu , Weifeng Jiang , Si Qi Goh , Kwok-Yan Lam

It is well recognised that ensuring fair AI systems is a complex sociotechnical challenge, which requires careful deliberation and continuous oversight across all stages of a system's lifecycle, from defining requirements to model…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Alpay Sabuncuoglu , Christopher Burr , Carsten Maple

With artificial intelligence (AI) being applied to bring autonomy to decision-making in safety-critical domains such as the ones typified in the aerospace and emergency-response services, there has been a call to address the ethical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Julian Gerald Dcruz , Argyrios Zolotas , Niall Ross Greenwood , Miguel Arana-Catania

Safety Case has become an integral component for safety-certification in various Cyber Physical System domains including automotive, aviation, medical devices, and military. The certification processes for these systems are stringent and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Shreyas Ramakrishna , Charles Hartsell , Abhishek Dubey , Partha Pal , Gabor Karsai

Ensuring that AI systems reliably and robustly avoid harmful or dangerous behaviours is a crucial challenge, especially for AI systems with a high degree of autonomy and general intelligence, or systems used in safety-critical contexts. In…

Generative AI models are capable of performing a wide variety of tasks that have traditionally required creativity and human understanding. During training, they learn patterns from existing data and can subsequently generate new content…

Developing and implementing AI-based solutions help state and federal government agencies, research institutions, and commercial companies enhance decision-making processes, automate chain operations, and reduce the consumption of natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Andrei Svetovidov , Abdul Rahman , Feras A. Batarseh

As AI systems proliferate in society, the AI community is increasingly preoccupied with the concept of AI Safety, namely the prevention of failures due to accidents that arise from an unanticipated departure of a system's behavior from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Inioluwa Deborah Raji , Roel Dobbe

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems proliferate, the need for systematic, transparent, and actionable processes for evaluating them is growing. While many resources exist to support AI evaluation, they have several limitations. Few…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Rachel M. Kim , Blaine Kuehnert , Alice Lai , Kenneth Holstein , Hoda Heidari , Rayid Ghani

Robotics and Autonomous Systems are increasingly deployed in safety-critical domains, so that demonstrating their safety is essential. Assurance Cases (ACs) provide structured arguments supported by evidence, but generating and maintaining…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Fang Yan , Simon Foster , Ana Cavalcanti , Ibrahim Habli , James Baxter

The debate on AI ethics largely focuses on technical improvements and stronger regulation to prevent accidents or misuse of AI, with solutions relying on holding individual actors accountable for responsible AI development. While useful and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Agnes Schim van der Loeff , Iggy Bassi , Sachin Kapila , Jevgenij Gamper

This paper explores the rapidly evolving ecosystem of publicly available AI models, and their potential implications on the security and safety landscape. As AI models become increasingly prevalent, understanding their potential risks and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Huzaifa Sidhpurwala , Garth Mollett , Emily Fox , Mark Bestavros , Huamin Chen

Although AI systems have been applied in various fields and achieved impressive performance, their safety and reliability are still a big concern. This is especially important for safety-critical tasks. One shared characteristic of these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Shuang Ao

This article offers several contributions to the interdisciplinary project of responsible research and innovation in data science and AI. First, it provides a critical analysis of current efforts to establish practical mechanisms for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Christopher Burr , David Leslie

Powerful new frontier AI technologies are bringing many benefits to society but at the same time bring new risks. AI developers and regulators are therefore seeking ways to assure the safety of such systems, and one promising method under…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Stephen Barrett , Philip Fox , Joshua Krook , Tuneer Mondal , Simon Mylius , Alejandro Tlaie

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has enabled the deployment of various systems based on it. However, many current AI systems are found vulnerable to imperceptible attacks, biased against underrepresented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Bo Li , Peng Qi , Bo Liu , Shuai Di , Jingen Liu , Jiquan Pei , Jinfeng Yi , Bowen Zhou

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly embedded in the core functions of social, political, and economic life, it catalyzes structural transformations with far-reaching societal implications. This paper advances the concept of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Kyle A Kilian

There is an increasing imperative to anticipate and understand the performance and safety of generative AI systems in real-world deployment contexts. However, the current evaluation ecosystem is insufficient: Commonly used static benchmarks…