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Large Language Model (LLM) agents have emerged as powerful tools for automating complex tasks by leveraging the reasoning and decision-making abilities of LLMs. However, a major bottleneck in current agent frameworks lies in the high…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Jingyi Jia , Qinbin Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) can be fine-tuned on domain-specific data to enhance their performance in specialized fields. However, such data often contains numerous low-quality samples, necessitating effective data processing (DP). In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Wei Huang , Anda Cheng , Yinggui Wang , Lei Wang , Tao Wei

The Retrieval-Augmented Language Model (RALM) has shown remarkable performance on knowledge-intensive tasks by incorporating external knowledge during inference, which mitigates the factual hallucinations inherited in large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Yuan Xia , Jingbo Zhou , Zhenhui Shi , Jun Chen , Haifeng Huang

Self-evolving large language model (LLM) agents continually improve by accumulating and reusing past experience, yet it remains unclear whether they faithfully rely on that experience to guide their behavior. We present the first systematic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Weixiang Zhao , Yingshuo Wang , Yichen Zhang , Yang Deng , Yanyan Zhao , Wanxiang Che , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Reinforcement learning allows solving complex tasks, however, the learning tends to be task-specific and the sample efficiency remains a challenge. We present Plan2Explore, a self-supervised reinforcement learning agent that tackles both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Ramanan Sekar , Oleh Rybkin , Kostas Daniilidis , Pieter Abbeel , Danijar Hafner , Deepak Pathak

LLM agents increasingly operate in open-ended environments spanning hundreds of sequential episodes, yet they remain largely stateless: each task is solved from scratch without converting past experience into better future behavior. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Wujiang Xu , Jiaojiao Han , Minghao Guo , Kai Mei , Xi Zhu , Han Zhang , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed to automate complex workflows in mobile and desktop environments. However, current model-centric agent architectures struggle to self-evolve post-deployment: improving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Zibin Liu , Cheng Zhang , Xi Zhao , Yunfei Feng , Bingyu Bai , Dahu Feng , Erhu Feng , Yubin Xia , Haibo Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed AI research thanks to their powerful internal capabilities and knowledge. However, existing LLMs still fail to effectively incorporate the massive external knowledge when interacting with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Tao Feng , Pengrui Han , Guanyu Lin , Ge Liu , Jiaxuan You

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant success across various domains. However, their application in complex decision-making tasks frequently necessitates intricate prompt engineering or fine-tuning, leading to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Wanpeng Zhang , Zongqing Lu

People commonly leverage structured content to accelerate knowledge acquisition and research problem solving. Among these, roadmaps guide researchers through hierarchical subtasks to solve complex research problems step by step. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Jiacheng Liu , Zichen Tang , Zhongjun Yang , Xinyi Hu , Xueyuan Lin , Linwei Jia , Ruofei Bai , Rongjin Li , Shiyao Peng , Haocheng Gao , Haihong E

Large Language Models (LLMs) falter in multi-step interactions -- often hallucinating, repeating actions, or misinterpreting user corrections -- due to reliance on linear, unstructured context. This fragility stems from the lack of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ye Ye

Autonomous agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being utilized in complex software systems. However, reliability remains a significant challenge due to unpredictable failures such as hallucinations, execution…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Cheonsu Jeong , Younggun Shin

Owing to recent advancements, Large Language Models (LLMs) can now be deployed as agents for increasingly complex decision-making applications in areas including robotics, gaming, and API integration. However, reflecting past experiences in…

Large language models (LLMs) excel at knowledge-intensive question answering and reasoning, yet their real-world deployment remains constrained by knowledge cutoff, hallucination, and limited interaction modalities. Augmenting LLMs with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Daocheng Fu , Jianbiao Mei , Licheng Wen , Xuemeng Yang , Cheng Yang , Rong Wu , Tao Hu , Siqi Li , Yufan Shen , Xinyu Cai , Pinlong Cai , Botian Shi , Yong Liu , Yu Qiao

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as proposal generators for evolutionary robot design, yet most loops remain memoryless: simulator results shape the next population but are not preserved as reusable design knowledge. We…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yunfei Wang , Xiaohao Xu , Yang Li , Xiaonan Huang

Online lifelong learning enables agents to accumulate experience across interactions and continually improve on long-horizon tasks. However, existing methods typically treat retrieval from past experience as a passive operation, triggering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Yuxuan Cai , Jie Zhou , Qin Chen , Liang He

Recent large language model (LLM) agents have shown promise in using execution feedback for test-time adaptation. However, robust self-improvement remains far from solved: most approaches still treat each problem instance independently,…

LLM-based autonomous agents perform well on general reasoning tasks but still struggle to reliably use task structure, key constraints, and prior experience in complex real-world settings. We propose a case-based learning framework that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zhenyu Ma , Yuyang Song , Chunyi Yang , Jingyi Zhu , Letian Yang , Xukai Jiang

MLLMs exhibit strong reasoning on isolated queries, yet they operate de novo -- solving each problem independently and often repeating the same mistakes. Existing memory-augmented agents mainly store past trajectories for reuse. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Weihao Bo , Shan Zhang , Yanpeng Sun , Jingjing Wu , Qunyi Xie , Xiao Tan , Kunbin Chen , Wei He , Xiaofan Li , Na Zhao , Jingdong Wang , Zechao Li

Large language model (LLM) applications such as agents and domain-specific reasoning increasingly rely on context adaptation: modifying inputs with instructions, strategies, or evidence, rather than weight updates. Prior approaches improve…

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