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We present Mem-$\pi$, a framework for adaptive memory in large language model (LLM) agents, where useful guidance is generated on demand rather than retrieved from external memory stores. Existing memory-augmented agents typically rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Xiaoqiang Wang , Chao Wang , Hadi Nekoei , Christopher Pal , Alexandre Lacoste , Spandana Gella , Bang Liu , Perouz Taslakian

GUI agents are beginning to operate the web, mobile, and desktop as interactive worlds, where successful control depends on carrying forward visual, procedural, and task-level evidence beyond the fleeting present screen. Yet most agents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Guibin Zhang , Yaohui Ling , Fanci Meng , Kun Wang , Shuicheng Yan

Recently, Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have demonstrated unique efficiency advantages, enabled by their inherently parallel decoding mechanism and flexible generation paradigm. Meanwhile, despite the rapid advancement of Search…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiahao Zhao , Shaoxuan Xu , Zhongxiang Sun , Fengqi Zhu , Jingyang Ou , Yuling Shi , Chongxuan Li , Xiao Zhang , Jun Xu

Memory-augmented LLM agents offer an appealing shortcut to continual learning: rather than updating model parameters, they accumulate experience in external memory, seemingly sidestepping the stability-plasticity dilemma of parametric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Qisheng Hu , Quanyu Long , Wenya Wang

While Visual Multi-Agent Systems (VMAS) promise to enhance comprehensive abilities through inter-agent collaboration, empirical evidence reveals a counter-intuitive "scaling wall": increasing agent turns often degrades performance while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xinlei Yu , Chengming Xu , Zhangquan Chen , Bo Yin , Cheng Yang , Yongbo He , Yihao Hu , Jiangning Zhang , Cheng Tan , Xiaobin Hu , Shuicheng Yan

We propose a method that enables large language models (LLMs) to control embodied agents through the generation of control policies that directly map continuous observation vectors to continuous action vectors. At the outset, the LLMs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jônata Tyska Carvalho , Stefano Nolfi

The recent advancement of autonomous agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) has demonstrated significant potential for automating tasks on mobile devices through graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Despite initial progress, these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yi Kong , Dianxi Shi , Guoli Yang , Zhang ke-di , Chenlin Huang , Xiaopeng Li , Songchang Jin

Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents, powered by multimodal large language models (MLLMs), have shown great potential for task automation on computing devices such as computers and mobile phones. However, existing agents face challenges in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Yuhang Liu , Pengxiang Li , Zishu Wei , Congkai Xie , Xueyu Hu , Xinchen Xu , Shengyu Zhang , Xiaotian Han , Hongxia Yang , Fei Wu

Agents built with large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential across a wide range of domains. However, in complex decision-making tasks, pure LLM-based agents tend to exhibit intrinsic bias in their choice of actions, which is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Zelai Xu , Chao Yu , Fei Fang , Yu Wang , Yi Wu

Reasoning models have recently shown remarkable progress in domains such as math and coding. However, their expert-level abilities in math and coding contrast sharply with their performance in long-horizon, interactive tasks such as web…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Xiao Yu , Baolin Peng , Michel Galley , Hao Cheng , Qianhui Wu , Janardhan Kulkarni , Suman Nath , Zhou Yu , Jianfeng Gao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have empowered AI agents with advanced capabilities for understanding, reasoning, and interacting across diverse tasks. The addition of memory further enhances them by enabling continuity across interactions,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Himanshu Gharat , Himanshi Agrawal , Gourab K. Patro

Large Language Models (LLMs) have unveiled remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating both natural language and code, but LLM reasoning is prone to hallucination and struggle with complex, novel scenarios, often getting stuck…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Antonio Jimeno Yepes , Pieter Barnard

Human memory adapts through selective forgetting: experiences become less accessible over time but can be reactivated by reinforcement or contextual cues. In contrast, memory-augmented LLM agents rely on "always-on" retrieval and "flat"…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ashish Rana , Chia-Chien Hung , Qumeng Sun , Julian Martin Kunkel , Carolin Lawrence

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress in open-ended dialogue, yet their inability to retain and retrieve relevant information from long-term interactions limits their effectiveness in applications requiring sustained…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled automated heuristic design (AHD) for combinatorial optimization problems (COPs), but existing frameworks' reliance on fixed evolutionary rules and static prompt templates often leads to myopic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Oguzhan Gungordu , Siheng Xiong , Faramarz Fekri

Persistent memory is turning language-model-based agents from stateless participants in isolated interactions into state-bearing components of LLM-based multi-agent systems. As memory becomes durable, reloadable, and behavior-shaping across…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Diego F. Cuadros , Abdoul-Aziz Maiga , Helen Meskhidze , Andre Curtis-Trudel

In dynamic open-world environments, autonomous agents often encounter novelties that hinder their ability to find plans to achieve their goals. Specifically, traditional symbolic planners fail to generate plans when the robot's planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Hong Lu , Pierrick Lorang , Timothy R. Duggan , Jivko Sinapov , Matthias Scheutz

Memory emerges as the core module in the Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents for long-horizon complex tasks (e.g., multi-turn dialogue, game playing, scientific discovery), where memory can enable knowledge accumulation, iterative…

Large language model (LLM)-powered multi-agent systems (MAS) demonstrate remarkable collective intelligence, wherein multi-agent memory serves as a pivotal mechanism for continual adaptation. However, existing multi-agent memory designs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Muxin Fu , Xiangyuan Xue , Yafu Li , Zefeng He , Siyuan Huang , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Cheng , Yang Yang

Large language model (LLM) agents are constrained by limited context windows, necessitating external memory systems for long-term information understanding. Current memory-augmented agents typically depend on pre-defined instructions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yu Wang , Ryuichi Takanobu , Zhiqi Liang , Yuzhen Mao , Yuanzhe Hu , Julian McAuley , Xiaojian Wu