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Understanding how Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models transform multimodal knowledge into embodied control remains an open challenge. We present VLA-Trace, a progressive diagnostic framework that analyzes VLA models through a unified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haoyuan Shi , Xiancong Ren , Yingji Zhang , Qinfan Zhang , Jiayu Hu , Haozhe Shan , Han Dong , Jinpeng Lu , Yinda Chen , Yi Zhang , Yong Dai , Xiaozhu Ju

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown remarkable progress in embodied tasks recently, but most methods process visual observations independently at each timestep. This history-agnostic design treats robot manipulation as a Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Lei Xiao , Jifeng Li , Juntao Gao , Feiyang Ye , Yan Jin , Jingjing Qian , Jing Zhang , Yong Wu , Xiaoyuan Yu

Recent vision-language-action (VLA) models have significantly advanced robotic manipulation by unifying perception, reasoning, and control. To achieve such integration, recent studies adopt a predictive paradigm that models future visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yijie Zhu , Jie He , Rui Shao , Kaishen Yuan , Tao Tan , Xiaochen Yuan , Zitong Yu

Prevailing Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) for robotic manipulation are built upon vision-language backbones pretrained on large-scale, but disconnected static web data. As a result, despite improved semantic generalization, the policy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Jonas Pai , Liam Achenbach , Victoriano Montesinos , Benedek Forrai , Oier Mees , Elvis Nava

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models offer a compelling framework for tackling complex robotic manipulation tasks, but they are often expensive to train. In this paper, we propose a novel VLA approach that leverages the competitive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Max Argus , Jelena Bratulic , Houman Masnavi , Maxim Velikanov , Nick Heppert , Abhinav Valada , Thomas Brox

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently become highly prominent in the field of robotics. Leveraging vision-language foundation models trained on large-scale internet data, the VLA model can generate robotic actions directly from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Wei Zhao , Gongsheng Li , Zhefei Gong , Pengxiang Ding , Han Zhao , Donglin Wang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong multi-modal reasoning capabilities, enabling direct action generation from visual perception and language instructions in an end-to-end manner. However, their substantial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Siyu Xu , Yunke Wang , Chenghao Xia , Dihao Zhu , Tao Huang , Chang Xu

Learning robot policies using imitation learning requires collecting large amounts of costly action-labeled expert demonstrations, which fundamentally limits the scale of training data. A promising approach to address this bottleneck is to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Anthony Liang , Pavel Czempin , Matthew Hong , Yutai Zhou , Erdem Biyik , Stephen Tu

Many robotic manipulation tasks require sensing and responding to force signals such as torque to assess whether the task has been successfully completed and to enable closed-loop control. However, current Vision-Language-Action (VLA)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Zongzheng Zhang , Haobo Xu , Zhuo Yang , Chenghao Yue , Zehao Lin , Huan-ang Gao , Ziwei Wang , Hao Zhao

Amid growing efforts to leverage advances in large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) for robotics, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently gained significant attention. By unifying vision, language, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Kento Kawaharazuka , Jihoon Oh , Jun Yamada , Ingmar Posner , Yuke Zhu

Recent high-capacity vision-language-action (VLA) models have demonstrated impressive performance on a range of robotic manipulation tasks by imitating human demonstrations. However, exploiting offline data with limited visited states will…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Guanxing Lu , Wenkai Guo , Chubin Zhang , Yuheng Zhou , Haonan Jiang , Zifeng Gao , Yansong Tang , Ziwei Wang

Learning real-world robotic manipulation is challenging, particularly when limited demonstrations are available. Existing methods for few-shot manipulation often rely on simulation-augmented data or pre-built modules like grasping and pose…

While Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show strong promise for generalist robot control, it remains unclear whether -- and under what conditions -- the standard "scale data" recipe translates to robotics, where training data is…

Continual learning is a long-standing challenge in robot policy learning, where a policy must acquire new skills over time without catastrophically forgetting previously learned ones. While prior work has extensively studied continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Huihan Liu , Changyeon Kim , Bo Liu , Minghuan Liu , Yuke Zhu

Vision-Language Action (VLAs) models promise to extend the remarkable success of vision-language models (VLMs) to robotics. Yet, unlike VLMs in the vision-language domain, VLAs for robotics require finetuning to contend with varying…

Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) have shown remarkable progress towards embodied intelligence. While their architecture partially resembles that of Large Language Models (LLMs), VLAs exhibit higher complexity due to their multi-modal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hugo Buurmeijer , Carmen Amo Alonso , Aiden Swann , Marco Pavone

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a generalist robotic agent. However, existing VLAs are hindered by excessive parameter scales, prohibitive pre-training requirements, and limited applicability to diverse embodiments. To…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for general-purpose robotic manipulation, leveraging large-scale pre-training to achieve strong performance. The field has rapidly evolved with additional spatial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yuankai Luo , Woping Chen , Tong Liang , Baiqiao Wang , Zhenguo Li

Visual-textual understanding is essential for language-guided robot manipulation. Recent works leverage pre-trained vision-language models to measure the similarity between encoded visual observations and textual instructions, and then…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Chaoran Zhu , Hengyi Wang , Yik Lung Pang , Changjae Oh

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for robotic control, enabling end-to-end policies that ground natural language instructions into visuomotor actions. However, current VLAs often struggle to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Zijian An , Ran Yang , Yiming Feng , Lifeng Zhou