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The study of semifeasible algorithms was initiated by Selman's work a quarter of century ago [Sel79,Sel81,Sel82]. Informally put, this research stream studies the power of those sets L for which there is a deterministic (or in some cases,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Piotr Faliszewski , Lane A. Hemaspaandra

Recent algorithmic advances in algebraic automata theory drew attention to semigroupoids (semicategories). These are mathematical descriptions of typed computational processes, but they have not been studied systematically in the context of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Attila Egri-Nagy , Chrystopher L. Nehaniv

LLMs have made significant progress in complex but easy-to-verify problems, yet they still struggle with discovering the unknown. In this paper, we present \textbf{AlphaResearch}, an autonomous research agent designed to discover new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Zhaojian Yu , Kaiyue Feng , Yilun Zhao , Shilin He , Xiao-Ping Zhang , Arman Cohan

Understanding the limitations of Large Language Models, or LLMs, in mathematical reasoning has been the focus of several recent studies. However, the majority of these studies use the same datasets for benchmarking, which limits the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Samuel Golladay , Majid Bani-Yaghoub

Understanding students' misconceptions is important for effective teaching and assessment. However, discovering such misconceptions manually can be time-consuming and laborious. Automated misconception discovery can address these challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Yang Shi , Krupal Shah , Wengran Wang , Samiha Marwan , Poorvaja Penmetsa , Thomas W. Price

To solve hard problems, AI relies on a variety of disciplines such as logic, probabilistic reasoning, machine learning and mathematical programming. Although it is widely accepted that solving real-world problems requires an integration…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Vaishak Belle , Luc De Raedt

We consider online learning problems under a partial observability model capturing situations where the information conveyed to the learner is between full information and bandit feedback. In the simplest variant, we assume that in addition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tomas Kocak , Gergely Neu , Michal Valko , Remi Munos

Self-replication with no human intervention is broadly recognized as one of the principal red lines associated with frontier AI systems. While leading corporations such as OpenAI and Google DeepMind have assessed GPT-o3-mini and Gemini on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Xudong Pan , Jiarun Dai , Yihe Fan , Minyuan Luo , Changyi Li , Min Yang

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, particularly autonomous agentic systems based on Large Language Models (LLMs), presents new opportunities to accelerate drug discovery by improving in-silico modeling and reducing dependence…

The paper discusses the capacities and limitations of current artificial intelligence (AI) technology to solve word problems that combine elementary knowledge with commonsense reasoning. No existing AI systems can solve these reliably. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Ernest Davis

This study presents the first large-scale, side-by-side comparison of contemporary Large Language Models (LLMs) in the automated grading of programming assignments. Drawing on over 6,000 student submissions collected across four years of an…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Marcin Jukiewicz

Drori et al. (2022) report that "A neural network solves, explains, and generates university math problems by program synthesis and few-shot learning at human level ... [It] automatically answers 81\% of university-level mathematics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Ernest Davis

Web-enabled LLMs frequently answer queries without crediting the web pages they consume, creating an "attribution gap" - the difference between relevant URLs read and those actually cited. Drawing on approximately 14,000 real-world LMArena…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ilan Strauss , Jangho Yang , Tim O'Reilly , Sruly Rosenblat , Isobel Moure

Grading assessments is time-consuming and prone to human bias. Students may experience delays in receiving feedback that may not be tailored to their expectations or needs. Harnessing AI in education can be effective for grading…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-12-01 Ryan Mok , Faraaz Akhtar , Louis Clare , Christine Li , Jun Ida , Lewis Ross , Mario Campanelli

Evaluating the mathematical capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) is a critical yet challenging frontier. Existing benchmarks fall short, particularly for proof-centric problems, as manual creation is unscalable and costly, leaving the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Yebo Peng , Zixiang Liu , Yaoming Li , Zhizhuo Yang , Xinye Xu , Bowen Ye , Weijun Yuan , Zihan Wang , Tong Yang

This paper proposes an Artificial Intelligence (AI) Grounded Theory for management studies. We argue that this novel and rigorous approach that embeds topic modelling will lead to the latent knowledge to be found. We illustrate this…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Eyyub Can Odacioglu , Lihong Zhang , Richard Allmendinger

{\bf Abstract.} The present article is an essay about mathematical intuition and Artificial intelligence (A.I.), followed by a guided excursion to a well-known open problem. It has two objectives. The first is to reconcile the way of…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-01-12 F. Thomas Bruss

We present four open conjectures in graph theory generated by the automated conjecturing system \texttt{TxGraffiti}. Each conjecture is concise, grounded in natural graph invariants, and empirically validated across hundreds of graphs.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Randy Davila , Boris Brimkov , Ryan Pepper

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of five leading large language models (LLMs) - Chat GPT 4o, Copilot Pro, Gemini Advanced, Claude Pro, and Meta AI - on their performance in solving calculus differentiation problems. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 In Hak Moon

Given the remarkable performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), an important question arises: Can LLMs conduct human-like scientific research and discover new knowledge, and act as an AI scientist? Scientific discovery is an iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Tingting Chen , Srinivas Anumasa , Beibei Lin , Vedant Shah , Anirudh Goyal , Dianbo Liu