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The vulnerability of Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) to jailbreak attacks appears as no surprise. However, recent defense mechanisms against these attacks have reached near-saturation performance on benchmark evaluations, often with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Yangyang Guo , Fangkai Jiao , Liqiang Nie , Mohan Kankanhalli

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to adaptive jailbreaks that easily bypass empirical defenses like GCG. We propose a framework for certifiable robustness that shifts safety guarantees from single-pass inference to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zehua Cheng , Jianwei Yang , Wei Dai , Jiahao Sun

In the past few years, Language Models (LMs) have shown par-human capabilities in several domains. Despite their practical applications and exceeding user consumption, they are susceptible to jailbreaks when malicious input exploits the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Charlotte Siska , Anush Sankaran

Large Language Models have shown impressive generative capabilities across diverse tasks, but their safety remains a critical concern. Existing post-training alignment methods, such as SFT and RLHF, reduce harmful outputs yet leave LLMs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zhengyue Zhao , Yingzi Ma , Somesh Jha , Marco Pavone , Patrick McDaniel , Chaowei Xiao

Aligning Vision-Language Models (VLMs) with safety standards is essential to mitigate risks arising from their multimodal complexity, where integrating vision and language unveils subtle threats beyond the reach of conventional safeguards.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Menglan Chen , Xianghe Pang , Jingjing Dong , WenHao Wang , Yaxin Du , Siheng Chen

Large vision-language models (VLMs) are highly vulnerable to multimodal jailbreak attacks that exploit visual-textual interactions to bypass safety guardrails. In this paper, we present DTR, a novel inference-time defense that mitigates…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Tanqiu Jiang , Jiacheng Liang , Rongyi Zhu , Jiawei Zhou , Fenglong Ma , Ting Wang

Ensuring the safety and alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values is crucial for generating responses that are beneficial to humanity. While LLMs have the capability to identify and avoid harmful queries, they remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yihua Zhou , Xiaochuan Shi

Modern large language model (LLM) developers typically conduct a safety alignment to prevent an LLM from generating unethical or harmful content. Recent studies have discovered that the safety alignment of LLMs can be bypassed by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Xuan Chen , Yuzhou Nie , Lu Yan , Yunshu Mao , Wenbo Guo , Xiangyu Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been equipped with safety mechanisms to prevent harmful outputs, but these guardrails can often be bypassed through "jailbreak" prompts. This paper introduces a novel graph-based approach to systematically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Sinan He , An Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across various natural language processing tasks. Due to their training on internet-sourced datasets, LLMs can sometimes generate objectionable content, necessitating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Leyang Hu , Boran Wang

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention for their exceptional natural language processing capabilities. However, concerns about their trustworthiness remain unresolved, particularly in addressing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Yue Huang , Jingyu Tang , Dongping Chen , Bingda Tang , Yao Wan , Lichao Sun , Philip S. Yu , Xiangliang Zhang

Despite the outstanding performance of Large language Models (LLMs) in diverse tasks, they are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, wherein adversarial prompts are crafted to bypass their security mechanisms and elicit unexpected responses.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Zeqing He , Zhibo Wang , Zhixuan Chu , Huiyu Xu , Wenhui Zhang , Qinglong Wang , Rui Zheng

Large Audio-language Models (LAMs) have recently enabled powerful speech-based interactions by coupling audio encoders with Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the security of LAMs under adversarial attacks remains underexplored,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Hongyi Li , Chengxuan Zhou , Chu Wang , Sicheng Liang , Yanting Chen , Qinlin Xie , Jiawei Ye , Jie Wu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable performance but remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that can induce harmful content and undermine their secure deployment. Previous studies have shown that introducing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yilian Liu , Xiaojun Jia , Guoshun Nan , Jiuyang Lyu , Zhican Chen , Tao Guan , Shuyuan Luo , Zhongyi Zhai , Yang Liu

As the integration of the Large Language Models (LLMs) into various applications increases, so does their susceptibility to misuse, raising significant security concerns. Numerous jailbreak attacks have been proposed to assess the security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Bijoy Ahmed Saiem , MD Sadik Hossain Shanto , Rakib Ahsan , Md Rafi ur Rashid

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable powerful cross-modal reasoning capabilities. However, the expanded input space introduces new attack surfaces. Previous jailbreak attacks often inject malicious instructions from text into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Zhaoxin Wang , Handing Wang , Cong Tian , Yaochu Jin

Recent advancements in AI safety have led to increased efforts in training and red-teaming large language models (LLMs) to mitigate unsafe content generation. However, these safety mechanisms may not be comprehensive, leaving potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Emet Bethany , Mazal Bethany , Juan Arturo Nolazco Flores , Sumit Kumar Jha , Peyman Najafirad

Intent-obfuscation-based jailbreak attacks on multimodal large language models (MLLMs) transform a harmful query into a concealed multimodal input to bypass safety mechanisms. We show that such attacks are governed by a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Md Farhamdur Reza , Richeng Jin , Tianfu Wu , Huaiyu Dai

This paper proposes a jailbreaking prompt detection method for large language models (LLMs) to defend against jailbreak attacks. Although recent LLMs are equipped with built-in safeguards, it remains possible to craft jailbreaking prompts…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zheng Lin , Zhenxing Niu , Haoxuan Ji , Yuzhe Huang , Haichang Gao

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning is critical for improving the interpretability and reliability of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). However, existing training algorithms such as SFT, PPO, and GRPO may not generalize well across unseen…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Guohao Sun , Hang Hua , Jian Wang , Jiebo Luo , Sohail Dianat , Majid Rabbani , Raghuveer Rao , Zhiqiang Tao
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