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The increasing capabilities of large language models (LLMs) raise opportunities for artificial general intelligence but concurrently amplify safety concerns, such as potential misuse of AI systems, necessitating effective AI alignment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Chaoqi Wang , Yibo Jiang , Chenghao Yang , Han Liu , Yuxin Chen

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable progress in text-to-image generation, yet aligning them with human preference remains challenging due to the presence of multiple, sometimes conflicting, evaluation metrics (e.g., semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Dipesh Tamboli , Souradip Chakraborty , Aditya Malusare , Biplab Banerjee , Amrit Singh Bedi , Vaneet Aggarwal

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) plays a crucial role in aligning language models with human preferences. While the significance of dataset quality is generally recognized, explicit investigations into its impact within the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Tetsuro Morimura , Mitsuki Sakamoto , Yuu Jinnai , Kenshi Abe , Kaito Ariu

Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) enhances the alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, its limitations have led to the development of Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), an RL-free approach designed to overcome…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Amir Saeidi , Shivanshu Verma , Aswin RRV , Kashif Rasul , Chitta Baral

Mathematical reasoning presents a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs) as it requires ensuring the correctness of each reasoning step. Researchers have been strengthening the mathematical reasoning abilities of LLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yunze Lin

Group Relative Policy Optimization(GRPO) has become a cornerstone of modern reinforcement learning alignment, prized for its efficacy in foregoing an explicit value-critic by leveraging reward normalization across sampled trajectory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Redacted by arXiv

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is successful for alignment in LLMs but still faces challenges in text-to-image generation. Existing studies are confined to denoising diffusion models while overlooking flow-matching, and suffer from an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Kesong Li , Yixuan Xu , Kuo-kun Tseng , Weiyi Lu , Kan Liu , Tao Lan

Preference optimization methods such as DPO align large language models (LLMs) using paired comparisons, but their effectiveness can be highly sensitive to the quality and difficulty of preference pairs. A common heuristic treats…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jinlong Pang , Zhaowei Zhu , Na Di , Yichi Zhang , Yaxuan Wang , Chen Qian , Yang Liu

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has proven effectiveness for aligning text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models with human preferences. Although Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is widely adopted for its computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Jiamu Bai , Xin Yu , Meilong Xu , Weitao Lu , Xin Pan , Kiwan Maeng , Daniel Kifer , Jian Wang , Yu Wang

We present SignDPO, a novel multi-level Direct Preference Optimisation (DPO) framework designed to enhance the alignment of skeleton-based Sign Language Translation. While current skeleton-based models have made significant progress using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Muxin Pu , Xiao-Ming Wu , Mei Kuan Lim , Chun Yong Chong , Wei Li , Chen Change Loy

While reinforcement learning methods such as Group Relative Preference Optimization (GRPO) have significantly enhanced Large Language Models, adapting them to diffusion models remains challenging. In particular, GRPO demands a stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yihong Luo , Tianyang Hu , Jing Tang

Recent advances in large vision-language models (LVLMs) have shown promise for embodied task planning, yet they struggle with fundamental challenges like dependency constraints and efficiency. Existing approaches either solely optimize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Siyin Wang , Zhaoye Fei , Qinyuan Cheng , Shiduo Zhang , Panpan Cai , Jinlan Fu , Xipeng Qiu

Direct preference optimization (DPO) has shown to be an effective method for large language model (LLM) alignment. Recent works have attempted to apply DPO to multimodal scenarios but have found it challenging to achieve consistent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Fei Wang , Wenxuan Zhou , James Y. Huang , Nan Xu , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a promising framework for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences by directly optimizing the log-likelihood difference between chosen and rejected responses. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Meng Li , Guangda Huzhang , Haibo Zhang , Xiting Wang , Anxiang Zeng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in automating software development tasks. While recent advances leverage Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) to align models with human…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xin Yin , Chao Ni , Xiaohu Yang

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human feedback is crucial for their development. Existing preference optimization methods such as DPO and KTO, while improved based on Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Shuo Xie , Fangzhi Zhu , Jiahui Wang , Lulu Wen , Wei Dai , Xiaowei Chen , Junxiong Zhu , Kai Zhou , Bo Zheng

Recent advancements in large language model alignment leverage token-level supervisions to perform fine-grained preference optimization. However, existing token-level alignment methods either optimize on all available tokens, which can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Kailai Yang , Zhiwei Liu , Qianqian Xie , Jimin Huang , Erxue Min , Sophia Ananiadou

Recent progress in generative diffusion models has greatly advanced text-to-video generation. While text-to-video models trained on large-scale, diverse datasets can produce varied outputs, these generations often deviate from user…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Runtao Liu , Haoyu Wu , Zheng Ziqiang , Chen Wei , Yingqing He , Renjie Pi , Qifeng Chen

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as an effective approach for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, its performance is highly dependent on the quality of the underlying human preference data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zixuan Huang , Yikun Ban , Lean Fu , Xiaojie Li , Zhongxiang Dai , Jianxin Li , Deqing Wang

We introduce PEPO (Pessimistic Ensemble based Preference Optimization), a single-step Direct Preference Optimization (DPO)-like algorithm to mitigate the well-known over-optimization issue in preference learning without requiring the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Adam Barla , Emanuele Nevali , Luca Viano , Volkan Cevher